| 1. |
- Adamo, Hanibal, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate cancer induces C/EBPβ expression in surrounding epithelial cells which relates to tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Implantation of rat prostate cancer cells into the normal rat prostate results in tumor-stimulating adaptations in the tumor-bearing organ. Similar changes are seen in prostate cancer patients and they are related to outcome. One gene previously found to be upregulated in the non-malignant part of a tumor-bearing prostate lobe in rats was the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ). To explore this further, we examined C/EBPβ expression by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot in normal rat prostate tissue surrounding slow-growing non-metastatic Dunning G, rapidly growing poorly metastatic (AT-1), and rapidly growing highly metastatic (MatLyLu) rat prostate tumors―and also by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) from prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting.In rats, C/EBPβ mRNA expression was upregulated in the surrounding tumor-bearing prostate lobe. In tumors and in the surrounding non-malignant prostate tissue, C/EBPβ was detected by immunohistochemistry in some epithelial cells and in infiltrating macrophages. The magnitude of glandular epithelial C/EBPβ expression in the tumor-bearing prostates was associated with tumor size, with distance to the tumor, and with tumor cell metastatic capacity.In prostate cancer patients, high expression of C/EBPβ in glandular epithelial cells in the surrounding tumor-bearing tissue was associated with accumulation of M1 macrophages (iNOS+) and a favorable outcome. High expression of C/EBPβ in tumor epithelial cells was associated with high Gleason score, high tumor cell proliferation, the presence of metastases at diagnosis, and poor outcome.
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| 2. |
- Chung, Sui Chu, et al.
(författare)
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A high cannabinoid CB(1) receptor immunoreactivity is associated with disease severity and outcome in prostate cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 45:1, s. 174-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the light of findings indicating that cannabinoids can affect the proliferation of a number of cancer cell types and that cannabinoid receptor expression is higher in prostate cancer cell lines than in non-malignant cells, we investigated whether the level of cannabinoid 1 receptor immunoreactivity (CB(1)IR) in prostate cancer tissues is associated with disease severity and outcome. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded non-malignant and tumour tissue samples from patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at a transurethral resection for voiding problems were used. CB(1)IR, which was scored in a total of 399 cases, was associated with the epithelial cell membranes, with little staining in the stroma. Patients with a tumour CB(1)IR score greater or equal to the median (2) had a significantly higher proportion of Gleason scores 8-10, metastases at diagnosis, tumour size and rate of cell proliferation at diagnosis than patients with a score<2. For 269 cases, tumour CB(1)IR was measured for patients who only received palliative therapy at the end stages of the disease, allowing the influence of CB(1)IR upon the disease outcome to be determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed an area under the curve of 0.67 (95% confidence limits 0.59-0.74) for CB(1)IR in the tumour. CB(1)IR in non-malignant tissue was not associated with disease outcome. A tumour CB(1)IR score >or=2 was associated with a significantly lower disease specific survival. A Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that the tumour CB(1)IR score and the Gleason score were independent prognostic variables. It is concluded that a high tumour CB(1)IR score is associated with prostate cancer severity and outcome.
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| 3. |
- Hammarsten, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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High Caveolin-1 Expression in Tumor Stroma Is Associated with a Favourable Outcome in Prostate Cancer Patients Managed by Watchful Waiting
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study we have investigated whether Caveolin-1 expression in non-malignant and malignant prostate tissue is a potential prognostic marker for outcome in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 was measured in prostate tissues obtained through transurethral resection of the prostate from 395 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The majority of the patients (n = 298) were followed by watchful waiting after diagnosis. Tissue microarrays constructed from malignant and non-malignant prostate tissue were stained with an antibody against Caveolin-1. The staining pattern was scored and related to clinicopathologic parameters and outcome. Microdissection and qRT-PCR analysis of Cav-1 was done of the prostate stroma from non-malignant tissue and stroma from Gleason 3 and 4 tumors. Cav-1 RNA expression was highest in non-malignant tissue and decreased during cancer progression. High expression of Caveolin-1 in tumor stroma was associated with significantly longer cancer specific survival in prostate cancer patients. This association remained significant when Gleason score and local tumor stage were combined with Caveolin-1 in a Cox regression model. High stromal Caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in prostate tumors is associated with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 could possibly become a useful prognostic marker for prostate cancer patients that are potential candidates for active surveillance.
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| 4. |
- Hammarsten, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Low levels of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor in nonmalignant and malignant prostate tissue predict favorable outcome in prostate cancer patients.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 16:4, s. 1245-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To explore if the expression of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) in nonmalignant and malignant prostate tissue is a potential prognostic marker for outcome in prostate cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used formalin-fixed tissues obtained through the transurethral resection of the prostate from 259 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer after the transurethral resection of the prostate, and patients were then followed with watchful waiting. Tissue microarrays of nonmalignant and malignant prostate tissue were stained with an antibody against pEGFR. The staining pattern was scored and related to clinicopathologic parameters and to outcome. RESULTS: Low phosphorylation of EGFR in prostate epithelial cells, both in the tumor and surprisingly also in the surrounding nonmalignant tissue, was associated with significantly longer cancer-specific survival in prostate cancer patients. This association remained significant when Gleason score and local tumor stage were added together with pEGFR to a Cox regression model. Tumor epithelial pEGFR immunoreactivity was significantly correlated to tumor cell proliferation, tumor vascular density, and nonmalignant epithelial pEGFR immunoreactivity. Patients with metastases had significantly higher immunoreactivity for tumor and nonmalignant epithelial pEGFR compared with patients without metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Low pEGFR immunoreactivity is associated with the favorable prognosis in prostate cancer patients and may provide information about which patients with Gleason score 6 and 7 tumors that will survive their disease even without treatment. Changes in the nonmalignant tissue adjacent to prostate tumors give prognostic information.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Mast cells are novel independent prognostic markers in prostate cancer and represent a target for therapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 177:2, s. 1031-1041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mast cells affect growth in various human tumors, but their role in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear. Here, we identify mast cells as independent prognostic markers in PC using a large cohort of untreated PC patients with a long follow-up. By analyzing mast cells in different tissue compartments, our data indicate that intratumoral and peritumoral mast cells have anti- opposed to protumor properties. Intratumoral mast cells negatively regulate angiogenesis and tumor growth, whereas peritumoral mast cells stimulate the expansion of human prostate tumors. We also observed mast cell recruitment particularly to the peritumoral compartment in men during the formation of castrate-resistant prostate tumors. In our ortothopic rat model, mast cells accumulated in the peritumoral tissue where they enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth. In line with this, prostate mast cells expressed high levels of the angiogenic factor FGF-2. Similar to the situation in men, mast cells infiltrated rat prostate tumors that relapsed after initially effective castration treatment, concurrent with a second wave of angiogenesis and an up-regulation of FGF-2. We conclude that mast cells are novel independent prognostic markers in PC and affect tumor progression in animals and patients. In addition, peritumoral mast cells provide FGF-2 to the tumor micro environment, which may contribute to their stimulating effect on angiogenesis.
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| 6. |
- Josefsson, Andreas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Low endoglin vascular density and Ki67 index in Gleason score 6 tumours may identify prostate cancer patients suitable for surveillance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 46:4, s. 247-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether vascular density and tumour cell proliferation are related to the risk of prostate cancer death in patients managed by watchful waiting. Material and methods. From a consecutive series of men diagnosed with prostate cancer at transurethral resection in 1975-1990, tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed. A majority of men had no metastases at diagnosis and were followed by watchful waiting (n = 295). The TMAs were stained for Ki67, endoglin and factor VIII-related antigen (vWf).Results: In univariate Cox analyses, increased Ki67 index, endoglin vascular density and vWf vascular density were associated with shorter cancer-specific survival. Ki67 index and endoglin vascular density added independent prognostic information to clinical stage, estimated tumour size and Gleason score (GS) in multivariate Cox analysis. In GS 6 tumours, high Ki67 index and high endoglin vascular density identified patients with poor outcome. After 15 years of follow-up not a single man out of 34 men with low staining for both markers (35% of all GS 6 tumours) had died of prostate cancer, in contrast to 15 prostate cancer deaths among the remaining 63 men with GS 6 tumours (65% cumulative risk of prostate cancer death). vWf vascular density in benign areas was a prognostic marker in GS 6 and 7 tumours.Conclusions: Men with GS 6 tumours with both low Ki67 index and endoglin vascular density staining scores have a low risk of progression. Additional studies are needed to test whether these two markers can be applied to core biopsies to select patients suitable for surveillance.
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| 7. |
- Josefsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate cancer increases hyaluronan in surrounding nonmalignant stroma, and this response is associated with tumor growth and an unfavorable outcome
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 179:4, s. 1961-1968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to investigate whether the presence of a tumor increases hyaluronan (HA) levels in surrounding prostate tissues and whether this extratumoral HA influences tumor growth and outcome. From a series of 287 men diagnosed with prostate cancer at transurethral resection and followed up with watchful waiting, tissue microarrays were constructed, stained, and scored for HA. A high HA staining score in the tumor stroma or in nonmalignant prostate tissue stroma were both associated positively with higher Gleason score and larger tumor volume, and was associated with a poor outcome. HA staining score was not an independent marker for outcome (multivariate Cox, with Gleason score, tumor volume, stage, and HA variables). In an orthotopic rat prostate cancer model, hyaluronic acid synthase-1 mRNA levels and HA staining were increased in normal prostate tissue surrounding prostate cancer. Orthotopic prostate cancer growth was increased by intraprostatic injection of HA. In conclusion, cancer in the prostate apparently stimulates HA synthesis both in tumor stroma and in the surrounding normal tissue. This promoted tumor growth and was associated with an unfavorable outcome.
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| 8. |
- Josefsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor size, vascular density and proliferation as prognostic markers in GS 6 and GS 7 prostate tumors in patients with long follow-up and non-curative treatment
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 48:4, s. 577-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the prognostic value of potential markers in localized, Gleason score 6 and 7 prostate cancer (PC). Methods: From a consecutive series of men with PC diagnosed at transurethral resection (1975-1990),. specimens from 132 patients without metastases, with Gleason score (GS) 6 (n = 80) or 7 (n = 52) tumors followed with watchful waiting were examined. The fraction of resected prostate tissue containing cancer, the micro-vessel density (v.d.) when stained for endoglin or von Willebrand factor (vWf), and the percentage of Ki-67 labeled tumor cells were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results: High levels of vWf v.d., endoglin v.d., and percent cancer of the TURP specimen were significantly associated with short cancer-specific survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis of all patients with GS 6 and 7 tumors. Interestingly, a combined estimate of percent cancer and vWF v.d. could be used to identify a large subset (50%) of GS 6 tumors with only a 2.5% risk of PC death within 15 years. None of the tested markers gave independent prognostic information for the GS 7 tumors. Conclusions: Estimates of tumor size and vascular density may identify a large proportion of non-aggressive GS 6, but not GS 7, tumors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mirtti, Tuomas, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Stat5a/b predicts early recurrence and prostate cancer-specific death in patients treated by radical prostatectomy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0046-8177 .- 1532-8392. ; 44:3, s. 310-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need for reliable markers to identify patients whose prostate cancer (PCa) will recur after initial therapy and progress to lethal disease. Gleason score (GS) is considered the most accurate predictive marker for disease-specific mortality after primary treatment of localized PCa. Most PCas cluster into groups of GS 6 and 7 with considerable variation in the disease recurrence and disease-specific death. In preclinical PCa models, Stat5a/b promotes PCa growth and progression. Stat5a/b is critical for PCa cell viability in vitro and for tumor growth in vivo and promotes metastatic dissemination of cancer in nude mice. Here, we analyzed the predictive value of high nuclear Stat5a/b protein levels in 2 cohorts of PCas: Material I (n = 562) PCas treated by radical prostatectomy (RP), and Material II (n = 106) PCas treated by deferred palliative therapy. In intermediate GS PCas treated by radical prostatectomy, high levels of nuclear Stat5a/b predicted both early recurrence (univariable analysis; P < .0001, multivariable analysis; HR = 1.82, P = .017) and early PCa-specific death (univariable analysis; P = .028). In addition, high nuclear Stat5a/b predicted early disease recurrence in both univariable (P < .0001) and multivariable (HR = 1.61; P = .012) analysis in the entire cohort of patients treated by RP regardless of the GS. Patients treated by deferred palliative therapy, elevated nuclear Stat5a/b expression was associated with early PCa-specific death by univariable Cox regression analysis (HR. = 1.59; 95% CI = [1.04, 2.44]; P = .034). If confirmed in future prospective studies, nuclear Stat5a/b may become a useful independent predictive marker of recurrence of lethal PCa after RP for intermediate GS PCas. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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