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| 2. |
- Berglund, Sten, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for the new democracies in Eastern Europe
- 1994. - 2
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Ingår i: The new democracies in Eastern Europe. - Aldershot : Edward Elgar. - 1852789328 ; , s. 238-252
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Sten, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The breakdown of communism in Eastern Europe
- 1994. - 2
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Ingår i: The new democracies in Eastern Europe. - Aldershot : Edward Elgar. - 1852789328 ; , s. 1-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Sten, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of party systems in Eastern Europe
- 1992
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Ingår i: Communist Studies and Transition Politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1352-3279 .- 1743-9116. ; 8:1, s. 148-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Stalinist and neo-Stalinist system of government was imposed on Eastern Europe by the leading member of the Soviet bloc. It was a centralized and authoritarian system that was capable of transformation only within boundaries defined by the ruling communist parties. The revolution of 1989-90 was a byproduct of a permanent legitimacy crisis in Eastern Europe compounded by a series of serious political and economic mistakes. In the aftermath of the anti-communist revolution, a new process of evolution away from the Stalinist system has been entered upon, in which the party systems of Eastern Europe have undergone profound change, as new cleavages have appeared and old cleavages have reasserted themselves.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Sten, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The failure of popular democracy
- 1994. - 2
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Ingår i: The new democracies in Eastern Europe. - Aldershot : Edward Elgar. - 1852789328 ; , s. 14-35
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Bäckman, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized pilot study with daily walking during adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast and colorectal cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:4, s. 510-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Physical activity during chemotherapy has been shown in several studies to reduce fatigue, improve symptoms and impact positively on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Challenges associated with intervention studies on physical activity during cancer treatment relate to consistent adherence. The primary objective was to study feasibility and adherence of physical activity intervention among patients with cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. The secondary objective was to investigate the effects of physical activity on health aspects, including HRQoL, symptoms and surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease. Material and methods. This randomized controlled trial included patients with breast cancer (BRCA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) during adjuvant chemotherapy. The intervention continued for 10 weeks and included daily walks of 10 000 steps and a weekly supervised group walk. Adherence was assessed by a pedometer and the number of participants who reported step counts every week and percentage of participants who achieved the target steps every week. Results. Adherence average reached 91% during the intervention period; in total 74% completed the exercise intervention. The majority of the participants achieved an average of 83% of the target of 10 000 steps per day for 10 weeks. There was a significant increase in daily physical activity (p = 0.016) in the intervention group. Significant differences were also found for some breast cancer-specific symptoms [swelling, mobility and pain (p = 0.045)]. The study showed a relatively small weight gain an average of 0.9 kg in the intervention group and 1.3 kg in the control group. Conclusion. Physical activity in the form of walking is feasible during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment despite increasing symptoms. The physical activity increased in the intervention group during the study time and had a positive impact on breast symptoms and the weight gain was lower in comparison to previous studies.
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| 9. |
- Khalili, Payam, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking as a modifier of the systolic blood pressure-induced risk of cardiovascular events and mortality : a population-based prospective study of middle-aged men
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 20:9, s. 1759-1764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To examine to what degree smoking habits modulate the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and risk for cardiovascular morbidity (first event) and mortality in middle-aged men. Design and methods In all, 22 444 middle-aged men were recruited from a population-based screening study (mean attendance rate 71%). Risk factor intervention was offered to about 20% of participants. Subjects were followed in local and national registers for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during more than 17 years of follow-up. Lifestyle variables were investigated at baseline, including smoking habits. Event rates were calculated in relation to quintiles (Q1-Q5) of baseline SBP in untreated subjects, subdivided into categories of smoking habits, but also for 915 previously known, treated hypertensive (tHT) patients at baseline. Results We found an increasing incidence of first cardiovascular event (CE) with increasing SBP levels, ranging from 63.5 CE/10 000 person-years (Q1) to 62.3, 70.5,82.3 and 115.1 CE/10 000 person-years (Q2-Q5). The corresponding figure in tHTs; was 153 CE/10 000 person-years. If further subdivided into smokers/ex-smokers/non-smokers, the relative risks (RR) of smokers were 1.9 [95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.5-2.4], 2.1 (1.8-2.5), 2.3 (1.8-2.9), 1.8 (1.5-2.1), and 1.7 (1.5-2.0) compared to present non-smokers, in relation to SBP (Q1-Q5). In tHTs; the RR was 1.4 (1.1-1.8). Cardiovascular mortality rates differed in relation to SBP and smoking habits, from 40.3 (present non-smokers) and 70.7 (smokers) deaths/10 000 person-years in Q1, to 54.2 and 134.0 deaths/10 000 person-years in Q5. In tHTs the corresponding figures were 81.6 and 149.4 deaths/10 000 person-years, respectively. No difference in risk was found for never-smokers compared to ex-smokers in relation to SBP. The risk in moderate/heavy smokers (> 10 cigarettes/day) compared to other smokers (less than or equal to 10 cigarettes/day) was significantly (P < 0.005) increased only in Q5. Conclusion Increasing systolic blood pressure levels in middle-aged men is associated with an increasing risk of future cardiovascular events and mortality, an association modified by smoking habits. Patients with treated hypertension in the 1970-1980s were also at an increased risk in spite of healthcare efforts. This calls for a more comprehensive multiple risk factor approach for the management and reduction of cardiovascular risk in these patients. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
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