| 1. |
- Borgquist, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and body constitution in relation to sub-groups of breast cancer defined by tumour grade, proliferation and key cell cycle regulators.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 9:1, s. 11-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The general lack of clear associations between diet and breast cancer in epidemiological studies may partly be explained by the fact that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that may have disparate genetic associations and different aetiological bases. Method A total of 346 incident breast cancers in a prospective cohort of 17,035 women enrolled in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study ( Sweden) were subcategorized according to conventional pathology parameters, proliferation and expression of key cell cycle regulators. Subcategories were compared with prediagnostic diet and body measurements using analysis of variance. Results A large hip circumference and high body mass index were associated with high grade tumours ( P = 0.03 and 0.009, respectively), whereas low energy and unadjusted fat intakes were associated with high proliferation ( P = 0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Low intakes of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were also associated with high proliferation ( P = 0.02, 0.004 and 0.003, respectively). Low energy and unadjusted fat intakes were associated with cyclin D-1 overexpression ( P = 0.02 and 0.007, respectively), whereas cyclin E overexpression was positively correlated with fat intake. Oestrogen receptor status and expression of the tumour suppressor gene p27 were not associated with either diet or body constitution. Conclusion Low energy and low total fat ( polyunsaturated fatty acids in particular) intakes, and high body mass index were associated with relatively more malignant breast tumours. Dietary behaviours and body constitution may be associated with specific types of breast cancer defined by conventional pathology parameters and cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression. Further studies including healthy control individuals are needed to confirm our results.
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| 2. |
- Sieri, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 88:5, s. 1304-1312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic studies have produced conflicting results with respect to an association of dietary fat with breast cancer.OBJECTIVE:We aimed to investigate the association between fat consumption and breast cancer.DESIGN:We prospectively investigated fat consumption in a large (n = 319,826), geographically and culturally heterogeneous cohort of European women enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition who completed a dietary questionnaire. After a mean of 8.8 y of follow-up, 7119 women developed breast cancer. Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by age and center and adjusted for energy intake and confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer.RESULTS:An association between high saturated fat intake and greater breast cancer risk was found [HR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.27; P for trend = 0.038) for the highest quintile of saturated fat intake compared with the lowest quintile: 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) for a 20% increase in saturated fat consumption (continuous variable)]. No significant association of breast cancer with total, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat was found, although trends were for a direct association of risk with monounsaturated fat and an inverse association with polyunsaturated fat. In menopausal women, the positive association with saturated fat was confined to nonusers of hormone therapy at baseline [1.21 (0.99, 1.48) for the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile; P for trend = 0.044; and 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) for a 20% increase in saturated fat as a continuous variable].CONCLUSIONS:Evidence indicates a weak positive association between saturated fat intake and breast cancer risk. This association was more pronounced for postmenopausal women who never used hormone therapy.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Enhörning, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between human vasopressin 1a gene variance, fat intake, and diabetes.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 89:1, s. 400-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Male arginine vasopressin 1a receptor knockout mice (V1aR(-/-)) display a phenotype of low triglycerides and high glucose concentrations and high-fat-diet-induced obesity and diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether genetic variation of the human arginine vasopressin 1A (AVPR1A) gene is associated with phenotypic features resembling those of the V1aR(-/-) mouse. DESIGN: In a population-based cross-sectional study in southern Sweden, middle-aged individuals (n = 6055) were examined in 1991-1994. Associations between 4 AVPR1A tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1042615, rs10784339, rs7308855, and rs10747983) and diabetes status, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and BMI were analyzed. Furthermore, rs1042615 was related to diabetes status, glucose, and triglycerides within sex-specific quartiles of dietary fat intake (Q1(Fat)-Q4(Fat)) and BMI (Q1(BMI)-Q4(BMI)). RESULTS: Subjects carrying the T allele of rs1042615 had lower concentrations of triglycerides than did CC carriers (1.36 +/- 0.77 compared with 1.42 +/- 0.89 mmol/L; P = 0.014), especially in nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.001). Carriers of the rs1042615 T allele had higher fasting blood glucose (5.20 +/- 1.44 mmol/L compared with 5.12 +/- 1.22 mmol/L; P = 0.036) and a tendency toward an increased prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.51; P = 0.067) compared with CC carriers. The less common rs10784339, rs7308855, and rs10747983 were not consistently associated with metabolic variables. Among men, the rs1042615 T allele was associated with diabetes exclusively within Q4(Fat) (odds ratio: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.71; P = 0.04) and Q4(BMI) (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.93; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The rs1042615 T allele is associated with features resembling the phenotype of the V1aR(-/-) mouse, including uncoupling of the usual direct relation between glucose and triglycerides and an increased prevalence of diabetes in subjects with a high fat intake or who are overweight.
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| 5. |
- Lahmann, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of adiposity and all-cause mortality: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. - 1071-7323. ; 10:5, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the association between various measures of adiposity and all-cause mortality in Swedish middle-aged and older men and women and, additionally, to describe the influences of age and sex on these associations. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A prospective analysis was performed in a cohort of 10,902 men and 16,814 women ages 45 to 73 years who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in Sweden. Baseline examinations took place between 1991 and 1996, and 982 deaths were documented during an average follow-up of 5.7 years. All-cause mortality was related to the following variables measured at baseline: body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, lean body mass (LBM), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with adjustment for age and selected covariates. Body composition data were derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: The association between percentage of body fat and mortality was modified by age, particularly in women. For instance, fatness was associated with excess mortality in the younger women but with reduced mortality in the older women. Weaker associations were seen for BMI than for percentage of body fat in both sexes. Placement in the top quintiles of waist-to-hip ratio, independent of overall body fat, was a stronger predictor of mortality in women than in men. The observed associations could not be explained by bias from early death or antecedent disease. DISCUSSION: The findings reveal sex and age differences for the effects of adiposity and WHR on mortality and indicate the importance of considering direct measures of adiposity, as opposed to BMI, when describing obesity-related mortality risks.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lahmann, Petra H, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of adiposity and all-cause mortality: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. ; 10, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malmö University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden. lahmann@mail.dife.de OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the association between various measures of adiposity and all-cause mortality in Swedish middle-aged and older men and women and, additionally, to describe the influences of age and sex on these associations. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A prospective analysis was performed in a cohort of 10,902 men and 16,814 women ages 45 to 73 years who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in Sweden. Baseline examinations took place between 1991 and 1996, and 982 deaths were documented during an average follow-up of 5.7 years. All-cause mortality was related to the following variables measured at baseline: body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, lean body mass (LBM), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with adjustment for age and selected covariates. Body composition data were derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: The association between percentage of body fat and mortality was modified by age, particularly in women. For instance, fatness was associated with excess mortality in the younger women but with reduced mortality in the older women. Weaker associations were seen for BMI than for percentage of body fat in both sexes. Placement in the top quintiles of waist-to-hip ratio, independent of overall body fat, was a stronger predictor of mortality in women than in men. The observed associations could not be explained by bias from early death or antecedent disease. DISCUSSION: The findings reveal sex and age differences for the effects of adiposity and WHR on mortality and indicate the importance of considering direct measures of adiposity, as opposed to BMI, when describing obesity-related mortality risks. PMID: 12006635 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8. |
- Lahmann, Petra H, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of adiposity and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. ; 103, s. 246-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. lahmann@mail.dife.de High BMI is a well-known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. There have been some reports of excess risk in association with weight gain and WHR, but little is known about the influence of body fatness per se. Using data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective cohort study, 12,159 postmenopausal women (59.9 +/- 7.7 years) were categorized by quintiles of baseline anthropometric and impedance measures and reported weight change since age 20. RRs from multivariate Cox regression models were calculated. All analyses were adjusted for age, height, smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation, marital status, parity, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche and current hormone use. During the 5.7 years of follow-up, there were 246 incident breast cancer cases. Weight, height, BMI and %BF were positively associated with risk of breast cancer (p(trend) 21 kg (top quintile) had an RR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.11-2.77) compared to women with low weight gain. Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is predicted by increased body fat and weight gain. %BF is a more discriminating risk factor for breast cancer incidence than the commonly used BMI. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 12455040 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 9. |
- Lahmann, Petra H, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in body fat and central adiposity between Swedes and European immigrants: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. ; 8, s. 620-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden. P.Lahmann@pubhealth.ku.dk OBJECTIVE: Comparative data on ecological differences in body fatness and fat distribution within Europe are sparse. Migration studies may provide information on the impact of environmental factors on body size in different populations. The objective was to investigate differences in adiposity between European immigrants and native Swedes, specifically to examine gender differences and the effect of time since immigration, and to compare two selected immigrant groups with their native countrymen. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A cross-sectional analysis of 27,808 adults aged 45 to 73 years participating in the Malmö Diet and Cancer prospective cohort study in Sweden was performed. Percentage body fat (impedance analysis) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were compared between Swedish-born and foreign-born participants. RESULTS: Obesity was 40% more prevalent in non-Swedish Europeans compared with Swedes. Controlling for age, height, smoking, physical activity, and occupation, it was found that women born in the former Yugoslavia, southern Europe, Hungary, and Finland had a significantly higher percentage of body fat, and those from Hungary, Poland, and Germany had more centralized adiposity compared with Swedish women. Men born in the former Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Denmark had a significantly higher mean percentage of body fat compared with Swedish-born men, whereas Yugoslavian, Finnish, and German men differed significantly in mean WHR. Length of residence in Sweden was inversely associated with central adiposity in immigrants. A comparison between German and Danish immigrants, their respective native populations, and Swedes indicated an intermediate positioning of German immigrants with regard to body mass index and WHR. DISCUSSION: Differences in general and central adiposity by country of origin appear to remain after migration. Central adiposity seems to be more influenced than fatness per se by time of residency in Sweden. PMID: 11225710 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10. |
- Lahmann, Petra H, et al.
(författare)
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Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. ; 24, s. 685-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lund University, Department of Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Petra.Lahmann@smi.mas.lu.se OBJECTIVES: To examine sociodemographic factors associated with long-term adult weight gain and current general and central adiposity in women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis based on data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer prospective cohort Study (MDCS), Sweden. SUBJECTS: 5464 women aged 45-73 y, who participated in the MDCS between 1994 and 1996. MEASUREMENTS: Weight change was defined as the difference between measured weight and recalled weight at age 20. Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were indicators of central obesity. Sociodemographic factors studied included reproductive, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics obtained from a questionnaire. RESULTS: At current age 13% of all women were obese (BMI>/=30), and nearly one-third had a body fat content of >33%. Since age 20, the majority of women (77%) had gained more than 10% of their initial weight. On average, the mean weight change was 12.6+/-10.0 kg during adult life. Age-adjusted group mean comparisons identified a number of significant sociodemographic variables predicting past weight gain and current obesity. In multivariate analysis, significant independent correlates of weight gain were: age, initial small body size, high parity, early menarche, non-use of hormone therapy, low self-rated health, non-smoking, no consumption of alcohol, sedentary leisure activity, past change in diet, retirement, low education, low socioeconomic status, and low socioeconomic status of origin. Many of the same variables were independently associated with current waist circumference, WHR, and percentage body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Large weight gain during adult life and a high rate of overweight were observed in this group of Swedish women. Many sociodemographic characteristics were associated with long-term weight gain and recent obesity indices. Initial BMI, smoking, age, physical activity and early socioeconomic status accounted for most of the explained variance in weight change. The findings indicate the importance of identifying environmental determinants of both weight gain and attained fatness, as well as fat distribution. PMID: 10878674 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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