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- Pettersson, Pär, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal for an operating cycle description format for road transport missions
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This article presents a proposal for an operating cycle format for describing transport missions of road vehicles, for example a logging truck fetching its cargo. The primary application is in dynamic simulation models for evaluation of energy consumption and other costs of transportation. When applied to product development, the objective is an ensemble of components and functions optimised for specific tasks and environments. When applied to selection of vehicle configuration, the objective is a vehicle specification tailored for its task. Method: The proposal is presented and its four main parts: road, weather, traffic and mission, are thoroughly explained. Furthermore, we implement the proposal in an example of a dynamic forward simulation model. Results: The example model is used for two case studies: a synthetic example of a complex transport mission (a logging truck fetching its cargo) that shows some advanced format features, and an example from a real vehicle log file (cargo transport) that seeks to compare the resulting simulated speed profile to the measured one. Conclusion: The results show that the proposed format works in practice. It can represent complex transport missions and it can be used to reproduce the main features of a logged speed profile even when combined with simple driver and vehicle models.
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- Pettersson, Pär, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A statistical operating cycle description for prediction of road vehicles’ energy consumption
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 73, s. 205-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a novel statistical description of the physical properties of road transport operations by using stochastic models arranged in a hierarchical structure. The description includes speed signs, stops, speed bumps, curvature, topography, road roughness and ground type, with a road type introduced at the top of the hierarchy to group characteristics that are often connected. Methods are described how to generate data on a form (the operating cycle format) that can be used in dynamic simulations to estimate energy usage and CO2 emissions. To showcase the behaviour of the description, two examples are presented using a modular vehicle model for a heavy-duty truck: a sensitivity study on impacts from changes in the environment, and a comparison study on a real goods transport operation with respect to energy usage. It is found that the stop intensity and topography amplitude have the greatest impact in the sensitivity study (8.3% and 9.5% respectively), and the comparison study implies that the statistical description is capable of capturing properties of the road that are significant for vehicular energy usage. Moreover, it is discussed how the statistical description can be used in a vehicle design process, and how the mean CO2 emissions and its variation can be estimated for a vehicle specification.
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- Pettersson, Pär, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of dual and single clutch transmission based on Global Transport Application mission profiles
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Design. - 0143-3369. ; 77:1-2, s. 22-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global Transport Application (GTA) is a common language to define transport missions for development, sales and aftermarket processes. To achieve a light weight and low-cost powershifting transmission for the targeted heavy vehicle applications, GTA was used in the development of the I-Shift Dual Clutch (I-Shift DC). Using a well-defined transport mission enables relevant modelling and simulation for performance assessment. This paper outlines the methods and shows some examples of technical implications. Firstly, the results from real world measurements in one specific scenario are presented. This shows the difference between a single clutch (SC) and dual clutch (DC) transmission for heavy-duty vehicles. Secondly, a full vehicle simulation model is built to extend the results to longer transport missions. The measurement results are used to parametrise and calibrate the model. Finally, the calibrated model is used to evaluate the performance in detail by using GTA to select appropriate transport missions for simulation.
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- Pettersson, Pär, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of hill-length on energy consumption for hybridized heavy transports in long-haul transports
- 2016
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Ingår i: 7th Commercial Vehicle Workshop Graz, 20160513, Graz.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goods transports are big producers of CO2, i.e. consumers of energy. The conventional transport vehicles such as tractor-semitrailers can be replaced by long combination vehicles (LCVs). By doing so, fuel consumption will be reduced drastically, with up to 30%, mainly thanks to the reduced aerodynamic resistance per pay load mass and/or volume. Further reduction of CO2 improvements can be made by hybridization, if the road topography demands variable propulsion power due to up- and downhills. This gain is emphasized for heavier vehicles. So, hybridized LCVs are of special interest.When developing vehicles, or selecting vehicle for a certain transport, one needs to assume an operating cycle. To describe the operating cycle correctly is very important for this purpose. Traditionally, the magnitude of road grades is the only topography measure used to characterise the road. In this paper it is studied how an additional measure, hill length, influences these heavy hybridized LCVs. Together one can see these two measures as amplitude and wavelength.It is shown how energy saving varies for different types of roads (combinations of grade magnitude and hill-length) and different energy buffer sizes. Road topography is statistically generated for a good coverage of road types, but also examples of real roads are marked within these synthetic roads. The result can be combined with estimates of hybridization costs and conclusions can be drawn when it is beneficial to hybridize and with how large buffer. The main takeaways from the paper are that the potential energy savings for heavy LVCs due to hybridization are significant and that the hill-length is an important characteristic measure to include in operating cycle definitions.
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