| 1. |
- Berglund, Anna-Karin, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Nucleotide pools dictate the identity and frequency of ribonucleotide incorporation in mitochondrial DNA. : Mapping ribonucleotides in mitochondrial DNA
- 2017
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In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 13:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous work has demonstrated the presence of ribonucleotides in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in the present study we use a genome-wide approach to precisely map the location of these. We find that ribonucleotides are distributed evenly between the heavy- and light-strand of mtDNA. The relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides reflect that DNA polymerase γ discriminates the four ribonucleotides differentially during DNA synthesis. The observed pattern is also dependent on the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) pools and disease-causing mutations that change these pools alter both the absolute and relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides. Our analyses strongly suggest that DNA polymerase γ-dependent incorporation is the main source of ribonucleotides in mtDNA and argues against the existence of a mitochondrial ribonucleotide excision repair pathway in human cells. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that when dNTP pools are limiting, ribonucleotides serve as a source of building blocks to maintain DNA replication. Increased levels of embedded ribonucleotides in patient cells with disturbed nucleotide pools may contribute to a pathogenic mechanism that affects mtDNA stability and impair new rounds of mtDNA replication.
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| 2. |
- Cederberg, Christel, 1959, et al.
(author)
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An LCA researcher's wish list - data and emission models needed to improve LCA studies of animal production
- 2013
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In: Animal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 7:(suppl. 2), s. 212-219
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The last decade has seen an increase in environmental systems analysis of livestock production, resulting in a significant number of studies with a holistic approach often based on life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The growing public interest in global warming has added to this development; guidelines for carbon footprint (CF) accounting have been developed, including for greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting of animal products. Here we give an overview of methods for estimating GHG emissions, with emphasis on nitrous oxide, methane and carbon from land use change, presently used in LCA/CF studies of animal products. We discuss where methods and data availability for GHGs and nitrogen (N) compounds most urgently need to be improved in order to produce more accurate environmental assessments of livestock production. We conclude that the top priority is to improve models for N fluxes and emissions from soils and to implement soil carbon change models in LCA/CF studies of animal products. We also point at the need for more farm data and studies measuring emissions from soils, manure and livestock in developing countries.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Martin, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Improved Estimation of Human Lipoprotein Kinetics with Mixed Effects Models
- 2015
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mathematical models may help the analysis of biological systems by providing estimates of otherwise un-measurable quantities such as concentrations and fluxes. The variability in such systems makes it difficult to translate individual characteristics to group behavior. Mixed effects models offer a tool to simultaneously assess individual and population behavior from experimental data. Lipoproteins and plasma lipids are key mediators for cardiovascular disease in metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus type 2. By the use of mathematical models and tracer experiments fluxes and production rates of lipoproteins may be estimated. We developed a mixed effects model to study lipoprotein kinetics in a data set of 15 healthy individuals and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes. We compare the traditional and the mixed effects approach in terms of group estimates at various sample and data set sizes. We conclude that the mixed effects approach provided better estimates using the full data set as well as with both sparse and truncated data sets. Sample size estimates showed that to compare lipoprotein secretion the mixed effects approach needed almost half the sample size as the traditional method.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, M., et al.
(author)
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On Human Terms – A First Evaluation of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in Ergonomics
- 2019
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In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960791 ; 821, s. 530-538
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ‘Work and Technology on Human Terms’ (www.onhumanterms.org ) was launched in July 2017 with the aim to contribute to safer and healthier workplaces by increasing the knowledge about how products, systems, and work organizations can be designed on human terms. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a first evaluation of the MOOC. The online course was used in four different university courses in Ergonomics in Sweden, two given at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg and two given at Linköping University. The MOOC material was used in different ways in the courses: (1) suggested voluntary, alternative material for the students’ self-studies, (2) scheduled activity for self-studies with appointed chapters, and (3) mandatory, selected course material being discussed in follow-up seminars. Data for the evaluation was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The results showed that the MOOC served as a repetition of lectured material and gave increased understanding of the theories. The recorded interviews with practitioners and researchers in the MOOC highlighted the importance of the subject in real working life. The knowledge tests were appreciated as rehearsal of understanding. However, the MOOC in parallel with the other course material was also considered to be too much work by some students. A recommendation is to carefully consider how to use and integrate the MOOC as a meaningful, individual, theoretical learning activity for the students. Thereby the lectures in classroom could focus more on discussions and problem-solving regarding the topics and less on basic theory.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Pia M
(author)
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Kolväten i luft vid bensinstationer
- 1989
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kolväten i luft vid bensinstationer har undersökts med hjälp av gaskromatografiska analyssystem. I flertalet prover identifierades 20-30 lätta kolväten. Särskilt intresse ägnades åt det cancerogena kolvätet bensen samt åt alkenerna. Mätningar vid stationer med återföringssystem visade att en bilist som tankar på ett riktigt sätt endast inandas ungefär en hundradel av den mängd kolväten som tankning vid en konventionell station ger. Utsläppet av bensinångor till luft vid tankning minskar effektivt i motsvarande grad.
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| 6. |
- Kathiresan, S., et al.
(author)
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Polymorphisms associated with cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events
- 2008
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 358:12, s. 1240-1249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol modestly affect lipid levels. We tested the hypothesis that a combination of such SNPs contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: We studied SNPs at nine loci in 5414 subjects from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study. We first validated the association between SNPs and either LDL or HDL cholesterol and subsequently created a genotype score on the basis of the number of unfavorable alleles. We used Cox proportional-hazards models to determine the time to the first cardiovascular event in relation to the genotype score. Results: All nine SNPs showed replication of an association with levels of either LDL or HDL cholesterol. With increasing genotype scores, the level of LDL cholesterol increased from 152 mg to 171 mg per deciliter (3.9 to 4.4 mmol per liter), whereas HDL cholesterol decreased from 60 mg to 51 mg per deciliter (1.6 to 1.3 mmol per liter). During follow-up (median, 10.6 years), 238 subjects had a first cardiovascular event. The genotype score was associated with incident cardiovascular disease in models adjusted for covariates including baseline lipid levels (P<0.001). The use of the genotype score did not improve the clinical risk prediction, as assessed by the C statistic. However, there was a significant improvement in risk classification with the use of models that included the genotype score, as compared with those that did not include the genotype score. Conclusions: A genotype score of nine validated SNPs that are associated with modulation in levels of LDL or HDL cholesterol was an independent risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease. The score did not improve risk discrimination but did modestly improve clinical risk reclassification for individual subjects beyond standard clinical factors.
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| 7. |
- Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Selective assessment of C2-C6 alkenes in air by adsorption sampling and gas chromatography
- 1991
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In: Journal of environmental analytical chemistry. ; 45, s. 39-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A system is described for the specific determination in air of ethene, propene, the four isomeric butenes, cyclopentene and the six isomeric pentenes. The butenes, pentenes and hexenes are well separated from the commonly occurring matrix of alkanes in much higher concentrations. Field samples were taken using easily carried equipment consisting of an air pump connected to an adsorbent cartridge. An advantageous combination of triple-layer adsorbents was found to be Tenax + Carbotrap + Carbosieve S-III. In the laboratory, the hydrocarbons were thermally desorbed into a cold trap. The trap was directly linked to the aluminium oxide PLOT column which effected the alkene separations.
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| 8. |
- Makos, Monique A., et al.
(author)
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Chemical measurements in Drosophila
- 2009
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In: TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry. - 0165-9936. ; 28:11, s. 1223-1234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been extensively used as a model organism in genetics research and has significantly contributed to understanding molecular, cellular and evolutionary aspects of human behavior. Recently, research has focused on developing analytical methods to obtain highly sensitive chemical quantification along with spatiotemporal information from Drosophila melanogaster. We review a number of these advances in capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and technologies involving intact organisms, including in vivo electrochemistry.
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| 9. |
- Osvalder, Anna-Lisa, 1961, et al.
(author)
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On Human Terms – Integration of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in Ergonomics in University Courses
- 2019
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In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960791 ; 821, s. 595-601
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ‘Work and Technology on Human Terms’ was to be a modern, highly accessible study material in Ergonomics/Work science to contribute to safer and healthier workplaces. The course targets engineering students, but also students in economics, human relations, physiotherapy, occupational health, as well as professionals. The purpose of this paper is to describe the course and how it has been integrated in six Swedish university courses dealing with various ergonomic issues, and reviewing how the lecturers and students experienced the outcome. The MOOC covers the subjects: Human-Technology-System, Psychosocial and organisational environment, Physical environment, Information and interaction in technical systems, Methods/design processes, and Economic/legal conditions. Theory and models are presented in in photos, illustrations, animations, documentary clips, expert interviews etc. It contains four workplace cases, knowledge tests and a textbook. The course material was integrated in three ways; as voluntary, alternative material for the students’ self-studies, as a scheduled activity for self-studies with appointed chapters, and as compulsory, selected course material discussed in seminars. The type of integration that is most beneficial depends on the content and organization of the course and type of students. It opens up the possibility for flexible and blended learning based on the student’s individual conditions. It also saves lecturer time by excluding some traditional theoretical lectures in favor for supervised discussions, problem-solving in workshops, and practical projects.
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| 10. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941, et al.
(author)
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Hazardous petrol hydrocarbons from refuelling with and without vapour recovery
- 1990
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In: The science of the total environment. ; 91, s. 49-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrocarbons in air were determined at pioneering European service stations equipped with vapour recovery systems. Vapour recovery was found capable of eliminating 99% of exposure during refuelling and greater than 95% of emissions to air. Vapour recovery is now being rapidly introduced at Swedish service stations as a result of demands concerning environmental and health hazards. The analytical technique used permitted samples corresponding to a single refuelling procedure to be analyzed. Sampling on an adsorbent tube was followed in the laboratory by thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography. All prominent hydrocarbons were well separated on a methylsilicone phase. These include benzene and the alkenes of special interest with respect to health hazards. The particular importance of alkenes with respect to the formation of ozone and other photooxidants is discussed. The four isomeric butenes and the six isomeric pentenes were determined and found to constitute approximately 10% by weight of the petrol vapour. The highly reactive 2-alkenes were more abundant than the 1-alkenes.
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