| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of excess heat in the pulp and paper industry - a case study of technical and economic opportunities
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 22:9, s. 1069-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Newly developed methods and tools based on pinch technology are used in a case study to investigate the potential and economy of using excess heat for pre-evaporation of chemo thermo mechanical pulp effluent and heat pumping in an integrated pulp and paper mill. The new tools give information about the system that traditional pinch tools such as the grand composite curve or the composite curves would not reveal. For example, the highest temperature levels possible where excess heat can be released are identified together with the amount of excess heat at each temperature level. The new curves are also able to provide information about where heaters and coolers are placed in an existing system. The matrix method has been used successfully in order to find an economically feasible heat exchanger network retrofit for the release of the excess heat found with the curves.The results of the case study show that a pre-evaporation plant can be integrated with the overall process with just a few modifications in the existing process. There are also opportunities for heat pumping in the system. Both projects have a pay-back period shorter than required for implementation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fritzson, Anna, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Conservation in the Food Industry Using Process Integration - Methodologies and Case Study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Conference Engineering and Food Montpellier, France.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased sales of ready-made meals mean that the environmental impacts of the households are changed and the degree of processing in industry is increased. Process integration methods are briefly presented and partly used in this study to identify parts of the process in a Swedish slaughterhouse and meat processing plant where there is a potential to save energy. Several areas where heat savings are possible are identified.
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| 4. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region - Assessment of an intraregional CCS infrastructure and legal framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia, 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies; Amsterdam; 19-23 September 2010, 4, 2793-2800. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides some initial results from the project "CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region" which is an intraregional CCS project partly funded by the EU. The project assesses the prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) from industry and power plants located in the Skagerrak region which comprises northern Denmark, south-east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden. The project is a joint cooperation between universities, research institutes and industries in the region. The methodology used in one of the project work packages is presented together with some initial results on legal aspects. CCS in the Skagerrak region may potentially account for a third of combined emission reduction commitments by 2020 in the three countries involved in the project. Yet, much of the emissions in the region occur from industry (in addition to power plants) and it is still not clear how these industries will be treated under the ETS. Based on current knowledge, a good storage option would be in the Hanstholm aquifer on Denmark's northwest coast. The phasing-in of capture plants over time is central to the development of a cost efficient CCS infrastructure. However, many of the sources in the region are located at a port facilitating use of boat transport through the build-up period. The initial legal analysis show that significant regulatory uncertainties exist in the region with regard to CCS and it is not obvious that the implementation of the EU CCS directive into national law by June 2011 will alleviate these uncertainties. Finally, the project may provide a significant test case for what type of political and regulatory cooperation that will be required if CCS is to be deployed in a transboundary context under conditions of sufficient public acceptance and well-designed regulation. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Marbe, Åsa, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Biofuel gasification combined heat and power - new implementation opportunities resulting from combined supply of process steam and district heating
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 29:29, s. 1117-1137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractThe economics of biofuel combined heat and power (CHP) depend on many technical, economic and political factors. The goal of this study is to investigate how combined supply of process steam and district heating can improve profitability of biofuelled CHP plant investments in small to medium-sized applications. Focus is placed on advanced biofuel gasification combined cycle technologies with high electric power production potential, compared to conventional steam turbine technology. The study assesses biofuel CHP options in a Swedish municipality that includes both an industrial process steam consumer and a district heating network. The results show the clear economic advantage of this type of co-operation. Under the assumed conditions for the study, an optimally sized conventional steam turbine CHP unit achieves the lowest cost of electricity. However, gasification-based CHP technologies generate significantly more electricity than conventional steam cycle technology, which results in higher net CHP plant revenue for a pressurised gasification CHP plant.
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| 6. |
- Ådahl, Anders, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Process industry energy retrofits: the importance of emission baselines for greenhouse gas reductions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. ; :32, s. 1375-1388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractFuel combustion for heat and/or electric power production is often the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsfrom an industrial process plant. Economically feasible options to reduce these emissions include fuel switching and retrofitting theplants energy system. Process integration methods and tools can be used to evaluate potential retrofit measures. For assessing theGHG emissions reduction potential for the measures considered, it is also necessary to define appropriate GHG emission baselines.This paper presents a systematic GHG emission calculation method for retrofit situations including improved heat exchange,integration of combined heat and power (CHP) units, and combinations of both. The proposed method is applied to five differentindustrial processes in order to compare the impact of process specific parameters and energy market specific parameters. Forpotential GHG emission reductions the results from the applied study reveal that electricity grid emissions are significantly moreimportant than differences between individual processes. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that for sustainableinvestment decision considerations a conservative emission baseline is most appropriate. Even so, new industrial CHP in theNorthern European energy market could play a significant role in the common effort to decrease GHG emissions.
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| 7. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Possibilities and problems in using exergy expressions in process integration
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 (WREC 2011), 9-13 May, Linköping.. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 1605-1612
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial energy systems are complicated networks, where changes in one process influence its neighboring processes. Saving energy in one unit does not necessarily lead to energy savings for the total system. A study has been carried out on the possibility to use the exergy concept in the analysis of industrial energy systems. The exergy concept defines the quality of an amount of energy in relation to its surrounding, expressing the part that could be converted into work. The study consists of literature studies and general evaluations, an extensive case study and an interview study. In the latter it was found that non technical factors are major obstacles to the introduction of exergy.
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| 8. |
- Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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1st International Conference on Negative CO2 Emissions - Summary and Highlights
- 2018
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Ingår i: GHGT 2018 - 14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. - : International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas, IEAGHG.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative CO2 emissions technologies include a number of technologies and biospheric storage options, the objective of which is the removal of atmospheric CO2 and thus the limitation of future global warming. An international conference on negative emissions technologies was conceived to meet the need for a broader understanding of the possibilities and challenges facing these technologies. The International Conference on Negative CO2 Emissions was held in May 22-24, 2018, at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. The conference was organized by Chalmers with support from the Global Carbon Project, the City of Gothenburg, Nordic Energy Research, ECOERA, the Center for Carbon Removal, Göteborg Energi, Stockholm Exergi, and the International Energy Agency, i.e. IEAGHG, IEAIETS and IEA Bioenergy. The purpose of the conference was to bring together a wide range of scientific and technological disciplines and stakeholders, in order to engage in various aspects of research relating to negative CO2 emissions. This included various negative emission technologies, socio-economic and climate modelling, and climate policies and incentives. The conference was a major scientific event and the first in a conference series. The next conference will be held in the spring of 2020. This paper reports highlights and important messages from the conference.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Elin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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An optimization methodology for identifying robust process integration investments under uncertainty
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:2, s. 680-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainties in future energy prices and policies strongly affect decisions on investments in process integration measures in industry. In this paper, we present a five-step methodology for the identification of robust investment alternatives incorporating explicitly such uncertainties in the optimization model. Methods for optimization under uncertainty (or, stochastic programming) are thus combined with a deep understanding of process integration and process technology in order to achieve a framework for decision-making concerning the investment planning of process integration measures under uncertainty. The proposed methodology enables the optimization of investments in energy efficiency with respect to their net present value or an environmental objective. In particular, as a result of the optimization approach, complex investment alternatives, allowing for combinations of energy efficiency measures, can be analyzed. Uncertainties as well as time-dependent parameters, such as energy prices and policies, are modelled using a scenario-based approach, enabling the identification of robust investment solutions. The methodology is primarily an aid for decision-makers in industry, but it will also provide insight for policy-makers into how uncertainties regarding future price levels and policy instruments affect the decisions on investments in energy efficiency measures.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Elin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of using an optimization methodology for identifying robust process integration investments under uncertainty - A pulp mill example
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:3, s. 813-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study on the optimization of process integration investments in a pulp mill considering uncertainties in future electricity and biofuel prices and CO2 emissions charges. The work follows the methodology described in Svensson et al. [Svensson, E., Berntsson, T., Strömberg, A.-B., Patriksson, M., 2008b. An optimization methodology for identifying robust process integration investments under uncertainty. Accepted for publication in EnergyPolicy] where a scenario-based approach is proposed for the modelling of uncertainties. The results show that the proposed methodology provides a way to handle the time dependence and the uncertainties of the parameters. For the analyzed case, a robust solution is found which turns out to be a combination of two opposing investment strategies. The difference between short-term and strategic views for the investment decision is analyzed and it is found that uncertainties are increasingly important to account for as a more strategic view is employed. Furthermore, the results imply that the obvious effect of policy instruments aimed at decreasing CO2 emissions is, in applications like this, an increased profitability for all energy efficiency investments, and not as much a shift between different alternatives.
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