| 1. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of algae-based biofuel production with an oil refinery: Energy and carbon footprint assessment
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1099-114X .- 0363-907X. ; 44:13, s. 10860-10877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biofuel production from algae feedstock has become a topic of interest in the recent decades since algae biomass cultivation is feasible in aquaculture and does therefore not compete with use of arable land. In the present work, hydrothermal liquefaction of both microalgae and macroalgae is evaluated for biofuel production and compared with transesterifying lipids extracted from microalgae as a benchmark process. The focus of the evaluation is on both the energy and carbon footprint performance of the processes. In addition, integration of the processes with an oil refinery has been assessed with regard to heat and material integration. It is shown that there are several potential benefits of co-locating an algae-based biorefinery at an oil refinery site and that the use of macroalgae as feedstock is more beneficial than the use of microalgae from a system energy performance perspective. Macroalgae-based hydrothermal liquefaction achieves the highest system energy efficiency of 38.6%, but has the lowest yield of liquid fuel (22.5 MJ per 100 MJalgae) with a substantial amount of solid biochar produced (28.0 MJ per 100 MJalgae). Microalgae-based hydrothermal liquefaction achieves the highest liquid biofuel yield (54.1 MJ per 100 MJalgae), achieving a system efficiency of 30.6%. Macro-algae-based hydrothermal liquefaction achieves the highest CO2 reduction potential, leading to savings of 24.5 resp 92 kt CO2eq/year for the two future energy market scenarios considered, assuming a constant feedstock supply rate of 100 MW algae, generating 184.5, 177.1 and 229.6 GWhbiochar/year, respectively. Heat integration with the oil refinery is only possible to a limited extent for the hydrothermal liquefaction process routes, whereas the lipid extraction process can benefit to a larger extent from heat integration due to the lower temperature level of the process heat demand.
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| 2. |
- Fritzson, Anna, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient energy use in a slaughter and meat processing plant-opportunities for process integration
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774 .- 1873-5770. ; 76:4, s. 594-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, process integration methods are used to investigate the potential to decrease the energy usage in the slaughtering and meat processing industry. Above ambient temperatures, heating of water with different target temperatures is a large heat demand in a plant, while at subambient temperatures the refrigeration plant needs almost all of the shaftwork used at the site. Interaction between, on one hand, energy demands above ambient temperature and, on the other, cooling needs below ambient temperature can take place with freezing compressors or heat pumps. By using process integration methods above and below ambient temperatures, potentials for saving both shaftwork and external heat demand in food plants can be identified. A case study at a modern plant illustrates that even though many energy-saving measures have been taken there is still a technical potential for saving 30% of the external heat demand and more than 10% of the shaftwork used in the plant. The economic potential for the savings is dependent on the conditions at the plant.
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| 3. |
- Fritzson, Anna, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency in the slaughter and meat processing industry-opportunities for improvements in future energy markets
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774 .- 1873-5770. ; 77:4, s. 792-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study presented in this paper different energy efficiency measures that can be carried out in a slaughter and meat processing (SMP) plant were evaluated both in terms of economy and CO2 emission reduction for four different future energy market developments. It was found that it is economically interesting to invest in an increased heat exchanger network or heat pumps in the fictitious non-integrated plants studied and that between 5% and 35% of the total CO2 emissions can be saved. The most cost effective way of reducing CO2 emissions was found to be switching fuel from heavy fuel oil to natural gas or wood chips. For the studied plants that are already heat integrated it was shown that investing in a new heat pump can be economically interesting and can reduce CO2 emissions. The profitability of investing in a combined heat and power (CHP) unit for the SMP plants was also investigated and found to be smaller than extended heat recovery or new heat pumps in the studied plants. However, the payback period for CHP units installed at an ecocyclic industrial park, consisting of an SMP plant and for example a Swedish dairy, was found to be short enough to be interesting. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Kwant, Kees W., et al.
(författare)
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The role of industrial biorefineries in a low-carbon economy
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; 2018:26thEUBCE, s. 1258-1263
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows opportunities of biorefineries in different sectors and presents recommendations for research, industry and policy, based on a joint interactive workshop of IEA Bioenergy and IETS. Efficient use of the available biomass, with combined production of renewable fuels, chemicals and materials will be key and uptake of biorefineries at industrial level will be required to achieve the required greenhouse gas reduction by 2050. The biorefinery sector needs to build up over the next decades and a major transition in industry will be required to realise a low-carbon economy. Industrial symbioses and increased integration with a versatile production of added-value biobased products and bioenergy products can have highest impact both for climate goals and economic growth. Current developments in biorefineries are building on the long success of several industries, such as sugar and starch processing, paper and pulp as well as biotechnology and also developments in conventional and advanced biofuels. Governments can facilitate the deployment of biorefineries through different mechanisms highlighted in the paper. It is crucial to have involvement and commitments of industry sectors and cooperation of different stakeholders, as well as multidisciplinary research, communication and education.
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