| 1. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region - Assessment of an intraregional CCS infrastructure and legal framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia, 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies; Amsterdam; 19-23 September 2010, 4, 2793-2800. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides some initial results from the project "CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region" which is an intraregional CCS project partly funded by the EU. The project assesses the prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) from industry and power plants located in the Skagerrak region which comprises northern Denmark, south-east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden. The project is a joint cooperation between universities, research institutes and industries in the region. The methodology used in one of the project work packages is presented together with some initial results on legal aspects. CCS in the Skagerrak region may potentially account for a third of combined emission reduction commitments by 2020 in the three countries involved in the project. Yet, much of the emissions in the region occur from industry (in addition to power plants) and it is still not clear how these industries will be treated under the ETS. Based on current knowledge, a good storage option would be in the Hanstholm aquifer on Denmark's northwest coast. The phasing-in of capture plants over time is central to the development of a cost efficient CCS infrastructure. However, many of the sources in the region are located at a port facilitating use of boat transport through the build-up period. The initial legal analysis show that significant regulatory uncertainties exist in the region with regard to CCS and it is not obvious that the implementation of the EU CCS directive into national law by June 2011 will alleviate these uncertainties. Finally, the project may provide a significant test case for what type of political and regulatory cooperation that will be required if CCS is to be deployed in a transboundary context under conditions of sufficient public acceptance and well-designed regulation. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Elin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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An optimization methodology for identifying robust process integration investments under uncertainty
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:2, s. 680-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainties in future energy prices and policies strongly affect decisions on investments in process integration measures in industry. In this paper, we present a five-step methodology for the identification of robust investment alternatives incorporating explicitly such uncertainties in the optimization model. Methods for optimization under uncertainty (or, stochastic programming) are thus combined with a deep understanding of process integration and process technology in order to achieve a framework for decision-making concerning the investment planning of process integration measures under uncertainty. The proposed methodology enables the optimization of investments in energy efficiency with respect to their net present value or an environmental objective. In particular, as a result of the optimization approach, complex investment alternatives, allowing for combinations of energy efficiency measures, can be analyzed. Uncertainties as well as time-dependent parameters, such as energy prices and policies, are modelled using a scenario-based approach, enabling the identification of robust investment solutions. The methodology is primarily an aid for decision-makers in industry, but it will also provide insight for policy-makers into how uncertainties regarding future price levels and policy instruments affect the decisions on investments in energy efficiency measures.
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Elin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of using an optimization methodology for identifying robust process integration investments under uncertainty - A pulp mill example
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:3, s. 813-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study on the optimization of process integration investments in a pulp mill considering uncertainties in future electricity and biofuel prices and CO2 emissions charges. The work follows the methodology described in Svensson et al. [Svensson, E., Berntsson, T., Strömberg, A.-B., Patriksson, M., 2008b. An optimization methodology for identifying robust process integration investments under uncertainty. Accepted for publication in EnergyPolicy] where a scenario-based approach is proposed for the modelling of uncertainties. The results show that the proposed methodology provides a way to handle the time dependence and the uncertainties of the parameters. For the analyzed case, a robust solution is found which turns out to be a combination of two opposing investment strategies. The difference between short-term and strategic views for the investment decision is analyzed and it is found that uncertainties are increasingly important to account for as a more strategic view is employed. Furthermore, the results imply that the obvious effect of policy instruments aimed at decreasing CO2 emissions is, in applications like this, an increased profitability for all energy efficiency investments, and not as much a shift between different alternatives.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Elin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The value of flexibility for pulp mills investing in energy efficiency and future biorefinery concepts
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 38:14, s. 1864-1878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing conditions in biomass and energy markets require the pulp and paper industry to improve energy efficiency and find new opportunities in biorefinery implementation. Considering the expected changes in the pulp mill environment and the variety of potential technology pathways, flexibility should be a strong advantage for pulp mills. In this context, flexibility is defined as the ability of the pulp mill to respond to changing conditions. The aim of this article is to show the potential value of flexibility in the planning of pulp mill energy and biorefinery projects and to demonstrate how this value can be incorporated into models for optimal strategic planning of such investments. The paper discusses the requirements on the optimization models in order to adequately capture the value of flexibility. It is suggested that key elements of the optimization model are multiple points in time where investment decisions can be made as well as multiple scenarios representing possible energy price changes over time. The use of a systematic optimization methodology that incorporates these model features is illustrated by a case study, which includes opportunities for district heating cooperation as well as for lignin extraction and valorization. A quantitative valuation of flexibility is provided for this case study. The study also demonstrates how optimal investment decisions for a pulp mill today are influenced by expected future changes in the markets for energy and bioproducts.
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