| 1. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
A process integration analysis of H2 production from gasification of biomass in the oil refining industry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 7th European Congress of Chemical Engineering 7, 19th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA 2010, conference proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The refining industry faces a future with increasing hydrogen demand, a change in fuel mixture that increases process energy demand and at the same time a future with harder regulations on CO2 emissions. In this paper the CO2 effect of integrating different biomass gasification concepts to meet an increasing demand of hydrogen in an oil refinery are examined and presented in comparison with a conventional steam reformer. The result shows that if biomass is considered as an unlimited resource (i.e. CO2 neutral), biomass gasification concepts have a potential to reduce CO2 emissions. However, if biomass is considered as a limited resource, which is a likely future scenario, all studied concepts show an increase of CO2 emissions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of strategies for CO2 abatement in the European petroleum refining industry
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 42:1, s. 375-386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Petroleum oil refineries account for almost 8% of the total CO2 emissions from industry in the European Union (EU). In this paper, the European petroleum refining industry is investigated and the prospects for future CO2 abatement in relation to associated infrastructure are assessed. A more efficient use of the adjacent infrastructure, e.g., district heating networks, natural gas grids, neighbouring industries, and CO2 transport and storage systems, could provide opportunities for additional CO2 emissions reduction. It is shown that access to infrastructures that can facilitate CO2 abatement varies significantly across countries and between individual refineries. The assessment shows that short-term mitigation options, i.e., fuel substitution and energy efficiency measures, could reduce CO2 emissions by 9-40 MtCO2/year (6-26% of the total refinery emissions). It is further shown that carbon capture and storage offers the greatest potential for more significant emission reductions in the longer term. However, the potential for CO2 capture varies significantly depending on the choice of technology, CO2 source, and scope of implementation (5-80% of the total refinery emissions).
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
CO2 capture at five industries at five industries in the Skagerrak area - Technical background report to: Carbon Capture and Storage in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region, Final report
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- CO2 capture is an alternative to decrease CO2 emissions from industries. A large part of the cost for carbon capture is related to the heat supply to the capture plant. In this study four alternatives to supply the heat demand in the capture plant at five industries in the Skagerrak area are evaluated. These industries are Preem Göteborg, Preem Lysekil, Esso Slagentangen, Borealis Stenungsund and Yara Porsgrunn. The heat supply alternatives are; Natural Gas Combined Cycle, Natural Gas Boiler, Biomass Boiler and Excess heat from the process alone or in combination with a Heat Pump.The lowest specific capture costs are found when excess heat is utilized. In those plants where the available amount of excess heat is not large enough to cover the whole heat demand in the capture plant, via direct heat exchange, the lowest specific capture cost is found when a heat pump also is used. Specific capture costs of 45 to 60 €/ton can be reached in such systems. The specific avoidance costs are the same for these systems since no fossil fuel is used. Higher specific costs are found if the heat from the heat pump is not large enough to cover the heat demand in the capture plant and supplementary heat via a heat supply plant (e.g. a boiler) is needed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
CO2 capture in oil refineries-an evaluation of different heat integration possibilities for heat supply to the post-combustion process
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings, No.57. World Renweable Energy Congress 2011, May 8-13, Linköping, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper estimates the costs of CO2 post-combustion capture for two refineries by comparing different alternatives for supplying the heat needed for the regeneration of the absorbent. The cost of capture ranges from 30 to 472 €/ tCO2 avoided, depending on technology choice for heat supply and energy penalty for the CO2 separation. In this study, it is concluded that process integration leads to a reduction in avoidance costs. However, the avoidance cost depends greatly on which system perspective is considered, i.e. whether CO2 emission changes outside the refinery are included or not.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
CO2 capture in oil refineries: Assessment of the capture avoidance costs associated with different heat supply options in a future energy market
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904. ; 66, s. 127-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of post-combustion CO2 capture represents an alternative strategy to reduce significantly CO2 emissions from the oil refining industry. Previous studies have shown that the highest costs are related to the provision and use of energy and that these costs could be reduced by utilising excess heat. In the present study, we investigated whether this principle could be applied to the oil refining industry. Four heat supply alternatives were evaluated: Natural Gas Combined Cycle; Natural Gas Boiler; Biomass Boiler; and Excess Heat. These alternatives were evaluated using future energy market scenarios and two levels of heat demand. The Natural Gas Combined Cycle alternative generated high levels of electricity (with CO2 capture), thereby producing the greatest reduction in global CO2 emissions. However, the avoided CO2 emissions from onsite the refinery were highest when excess heat or a biomass boiler was used. In the present study, the capture avoidance cost ranged from 40 to 263 (sic)/tCO(2) avoided (excluding transportation and storage costs), depending on the heat supply alternative used and the heat demand. Moreover, with a high cost for CO2, CO2 capture using excess heat could be a cost-effective alternative to reduce CO2 emissions for oil refineries.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative study of Fischer-Tropsch production and post-combustion CO2 capture at an oil refinery: Economic evaluation and GHG (greenhouse gas emissions) balances
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 59, s. 387-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact on CO2 emissions of integrating new technologies (a biomass-to-Fischer-Tropsch fuel plant and a post-combustion CO2 capture plant) with a complex refinery has previously been investigated separately by the authors. In the present study these designs are integrated with a refinery and evaluated from the point-of-view of economics and GHG (greenhouse gas emissions) emissions and are compared to a reference refinery. Stand-alone Fischer-Tropsch fuel production is included for comparison. To account for uncertainties in the future energy market, the assessment has been conducted for different future energy market conditions. For the post-combustion CO2 capture process to be profitable, the present study stresses the importance of a high charge for CO2 emission. A policy support for biofuels is essential for the biomass-to-Fischer-Tropsch fuel production to be profitable. The level of the support, however, differs depending on scenario. In general, a high charge for CO2 economically favours Fischer-Tropsch fuel production, while a low charge for CO2 economically favours Fischer-Tropsch fuel production. Integrated Fischer-Tropsch fuel production is most profitable in scenarios with a low wood fuel price. The stand-alone alternative shows no profitability in any of the studied scenarios. Moreover, the high investment costs make all the studied cases sensitive to variations in capital costs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Heat supply alternatives for CO2 capture in the process industry
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836. ; 8, s. 217-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An economic analysis for post-combustion CO2 capture in a petrochemical industry has been performed. Previous studies have shown that the largest costs are related to the costs for energy supply. In this study we therefore focus on how heat can by supplied to the capture process in the most cost-efficient way. Five different heat supply options have been evaluated by using an energy market scenario tool together with a variation of the specific heat demand (reboiler duty). Three stand-alone options (natural gas combined cycle, natural gas boiler and biomass boiler) and two excess heat options (use of current excess heat and optimal use of excess heat) were analysed. For the stand-alone alternatives, the fuel consumption and co-generation of electricity are important. The best alternatives were the ones using excess heat. Considering that the process integration potential in the process industry generally is high and expecting high future CO2 charges, these options may become profitable. A quantification of the capture costs per CO2 avoided using excess heat shows costs in the range of 37-70(sic)/t CO2, which are comparable to costs reported for oxy-fuel combustion in petrochemical industries as well as for post-combustion in the power sector.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Hydrogen production from biomass gasification in the oil refining industry - A system analysis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 2012:38, s. 212-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the global CO2 effect of integrating different biomass gasification concepts to meet anincreasing demand of hydrogen in an oil refinery is examined and presented in comparison with a conventional steam reformer. The studied refinery is a hydro skimming refinery with a future hydrogen deficit of 16,000 Nm3/h. Three gasification concepts are considered: Entrained Flow (EF), Circulated Fluidised Bed (CFB) and Double Bed (DB). The system analysis is made with respect to global CO2 emissions and primary energy use. The results show that if biomass is considered as an unlimited resource (i.e. sufficient biomass is considered to be available to substitute for all fossil fuels in society), biomass gasification concepts have a potential to reduce CO2 emissions. The EF case shows the largest reduction potential. However, if biomass is considered as a limited resource (i.e. increased use of biomass at the refinery will lead to increased use of fossil fuel elsewhere in society), all concepts show an increase of CO2 emissions. Here, the CFB gasifier shows lowest increase of CO2 emission. The CO2 effect of the different alternatives shows sensitivity to assumptions regarding alternative biomass user.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Production with a Complex Oil Refinery
- 2012
-
Ingår i: In Proceedings of SDEWES – the 7th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 1-7 July 2012. ; , s. paper 082-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oil refining industry is facing harder regulations on renewable content in its products. One way to meet this is to produce diesel and gasoline from gasification of biomass via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In this paper, integrating a biomass-to-FT syncrude process with a refinery is compared to a stand-alone biomass-to-FT syncrude process, in terms of the consequences for CO2 emissions and energy balances. The upgrading of the FT syncrude is in both cases accomplished at the refinery, in the existing units or in new units. The studied system includes a circulating fluidized-bed biomass gasifier with a biomass input of 500 MW (50% moisture content) and a complex refinery with a crude oil capacity of 11.4 Mt/y. The integrated FT-syncrude production shows, regardless of assumptions of marginal electricity generation, the largest CO2 emission reduction. Moreover, if the almost clean CO2 stream from the biomass-to-FT-syncrude production is captured, the reduction potential can be significantly increased.
|
|
