| 1. |
- Jönsson, Johanna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Excess Heat from Kraft Pulp Mills: Trade-offs between Internal and External Use in the Case of Sweden - Part 2: Results for Future Energy Market Scenarios
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 36:11, s. 4186-4197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the trade-off between internal and external use of excess heat from a kraft pulp mill is investigated for four different future energy market scenarios. The work follows the methodology described in Svensson et al. [2008. Excess heat from kraft pulp mills: trade-offs between internal and external use in the case of Sweden—Part 1: methodology. Energy Policy, submitted for publication], where a systematic approach is proposed for investigating the potential for profitable excess heat cooperation. The trade-off is analyzed by economic optimization of an energy system model consisting of a pulp mill and an energy company (ECO). In the model, investments can be made, which increase the system's energy efficiency by utilization of the mill's excess heat, as well as investments that increase the electricity production. The results show that the trade-off depends on energy market prices, the district heating demand and the type of existing heat production. From an economic point of view, external use of the excess heat is preferred for all investigated energy market scenarios if the mill is studied together with an ECO with a small heat load. For the cases with medium or large district heating loads, the optimal use of excess heat varies with the energy market price scenarios. However, from a CO2 emissions perspective, external use is preferred, giving the largest reduction of global emissions in most cases.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Inger-Lise, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Excess Heat from Kraft Pulp Mills: Trade-offs between Internal and External Use in the Case of Sweden - Part 1: Methodology
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 36:11, s. 4009-4298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excess heat from a kraft pulp mill can be used either internally to increase the level of efficiency in the mill, or externally for example as district heating. This paper presents an approach to investigate the competition between external and internal use through modelling the pulp mill and an energy company (ECO) within the same system boundary. Three different sizes of ECOs with different district heating demands are studied. To investigate the competitiveness of using industrial excess heat as district heating compared with other heat production techniques, the option of investing in excess heat use is introduced, along with the possibility for the ECO to invest in biomass combined heat and power (CHP), waste CHP and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC). To evaluate the robustness of the model, alternative solutions are identified and will be used as a comparison to the optimal solutions. The model has been verified by comparing the results with previous studies concerning kraft pulp mills and with related studies regarding district heating and real ECOs. Finally, the approach presented in this part of the study will be used in the second part in order to investigate the trade-off between internal and external use of excess heat under different future energy market scenarios.
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Inger-Lise, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-Techincal Aspects of Potential Future Use of Excess Heat from Kraft Pulp Mills
- 2009
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Ingår i: 22nd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. ; :Paper 0612, s. 995-1004
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pulp and paper industry is one of the largest energy users in Sweden and in 2007 2.2 TWh of heat was delivered from pulp mills, mainly to district heating systems. In this study, two market kraft pulp mills and two energycompanies (ECOs) have been interviewed about their views on excess heat, energy efficiency and energy strategies.The interviews have been brought together with results from previous optimization studies concerning kraft pulp millexcess heat by the authors and results from other related work in a socio-technical synthesis that aims to provide amore comprehensive view on the factors that influence the utilization of kraft pulp mill excess heat than achieved inprevious studies. The results show that the kraft pulp mills are more positive towards sales of excess heat than theECOs, which can be related to the fact that the ECOs take a greater risk when entering a heat cooperation. Anotherbarrier to co-operations is the already existing utilities in the ECOs that compete with excess heat for the position asbase load in the district heating systems. Both internal and external use of excess heat can benefit from policymeasures. Other important factors are the view on energy-related investments in the mill, the level of communicationbetween the parties, and the goodwill qualities obtained through energy-efficient solutions.
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