| 1. |
- Abarca, R. R. M., et al.
(författare)
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Metals toxic pollutants in the environment : Anthropogenic and geological causes and remediation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Membranes in Environmental Applications. - : Elsevier Inc.. ; , s. 109-124
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heavy metals are naturally present in nature, but if their concentration is higher than the normal accepted threshold levels, they constitute one of the pollutants that is more difficult to remove and also to rehabilitate the contaminated site by them. There are many heavy-metal pollutants-the most common among them are arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), along with the less common ones, which produced, for example, by the nuclear process, such as uranium (U)-in different configuration; hence, many possibilities of contamination in the world exist, and they are more difficult to remove.Thus heavy-metal pollution is more and more becoming one of the principal issues of the global interest, because it is common to both industrialized countries and developing countries. These issues are getting hard to be recognized and cannot be followed the simple rules concerning safety and environmental protection, thus fall into the same errors of the already industrialized countries. At the same time, new environment-remediation techniques are developed in the last decade, especially, in these last years. Some of these technologies concern physical or chemical process or effects, such as ion exchanges, flotations, and photocatalysis, while other technologies concern the use of membrane process, especially ultrafiltration or membrane integrated process or hybrid systems, where membranes are generally submerged and used together with another process.In this chapter a review of this problem and some example of technologies for removing and remediation of the environment are reported.
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| 2. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic in Groundwater of India
- 2011
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. - : Elsevier Inc.. ; , s. 150-164
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Management of arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta Plain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Conflict Management of Water Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. ; , s. 308-348
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the first half of the 13th century, St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226) predicted the acute importance of water, which he defined as pretiosa (Cascetta, 1995). Unfortunately, the world has forgotten this caveat and in recent years, the importance of water resources is finally receiving greater attention in our daily lives. This is the result of rising demands, declining availability, as well as treatment costs incurred as the result of pollution from industrial and natural sources.
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| 4. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Arsenic in Coastal Groundwaters in the Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India
- 2010
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Ingår i: Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048130672 ; , s. 146-160
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bengal Delta region is currently confronted with largest groundwater arsenic calamity in history of human kind (BGS-DPHE, 2001; Mukherjee and Bhattacharya, 2001; Bhattacharya et al., 2002a; McArthur et al., 2001; Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002; Mukherjee et al., 2006; Nath et al., 2005, 2007, 2008). Concentrations of arsenic in drinking water wells in the region often exceed the WHO drinking water guideline value (10 μg L-1) and the national safe limit of both India and Bangladesh for arsenic in drinking water (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002; RGNDWM, 2002; CGWB, 1999; Bhattacharya et al., 2002a). About one third (35 million) population inhabiting in this region (West Bengal and Bangladesh), currently at risk of long-term arsenic exposure (Bhattacharya et al., 2001; RGNDWM, 2002; Chakraborti et al., 2004; Kapaj et al., 2006), are being diagnosed with a wide spectrum of adverse health impacts including skin disorders such as hyper/hypo-pigmentation, keratosis and melanosis and are also in hot-spot areas of BDP which is reflected in a rise in the number of cancer cases (Guha Mazumdar et al., 1988). The distribution pattern of arsenic occurrence in BDP is patchy and there are numerous hotspots of arsenic contamination in the semi-confined shallow Holocene aquifer (Bhattacharya et al., 1997; Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). The scale of the problem is serious both in terms of hotspots and geographic area coverage (173 × 10 3 km2, eastern part of Hoogly-Bhagirathi/Western part of Ganga-Padma-lower Meghna flood plains).
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| 5. |
- Jacks, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Foreword
- 2015
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Ingår i: Safe and Sustainable Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifers in the Gangetic Plain. - Cham : Springer Nature.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Keerthanan, S., et al.
(författare)
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Geochemical provenance of metalloids and their release : Implications on medical geology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Geology. - : Wiley. ; , s. 217-234
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metalloids (especially Ge, As, Sb, and Te) are toxic elements that can geographically be abundant on the earth's crust. Generally, metalloids leach from the geologic materials such as rock, atmospheric dust, minerals, and geologic process such as earthquake and volcano eruptions which input the metalloids to soil and water over the permeable level and, thus, increases the bioaccumulation of them into the plants and aquatic organisms. Consumption of fish and vegetables with contaminants has a negative impact on both human and animal health. Medical geology can perform a significant role in helping to maintain the environment's safety by detecting the amounts, forms, and sources of metalloids. Therefore, the current chapter comprehensively explores the existing knowledge on the (i) role of natural geologic materials and processes on releasing metalloids to the environment, (ii) their potential paths of them to the environment and their bioaccumulation, (iii) human and veterinary health effects of metalloids on medical geology, and (iv) the risk management strategies to reduce the bioavailable fraction of metalloids in the environment.
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| 7. |
- Kumar, Rakesh, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride as a global groundwater contaminant
- 2023
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Ingår i: Inorganic Contaminants and Radionuclides. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 319-350
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fluoride is essential for the human body and a global groundwater contaminant (the recommended WHO limit is 1.5mg/L). The mobilization and genesis of fluoride depend on fluoride-bearing rocks (e.g., fluorite, fluor-apatite, biotite, etc.) that are a part of the natural geogenic process, which later contaminate the groundwater. More specifically, the dissolution process (via infiltration), lateral water flow, ion exchange, climatic factors, and chemical weathering of “rocks and minerals” are highly responsible for the release of elevated concentrations of fluoride in groundwater. The intake of fluoride-contaminated groundwater and anthropogenically produced daily usable products (e.g., dental products, foods, etc.) causes physiological and metabolic disturbances in animals and humans. However, this fluoride can be removed effectively from water by technology-enhanced processes (e.g., reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, coagulation, adsorption, electrochemical, membrane distillation, ion exchange, and precipitation). This, in turn, means that climate-dependent contamination, mobilization mechanism, and bioaccumulation will be essential for selecting efficient, cost-effective green technologies. Adequate information should be provided to overcome people’s wrong perceptions concerning fluoride-related issues, especially in lower socioeconomic groups. Policy interventions are required to improve the quality of life in the developing world, where there is a lack of awareness about health issues. Extensive research in this field can identify fluoride “hot spots” (through regular monitoring) and removal technique(s) utilizing public-private sector collaboration.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Naidu, Ravi, et al.
(författare)
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Management of arsenic-contaminated soils
- 2006
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Ingår i: Managing Arsenic in the Environment. - Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing. - 9781578084258 - 9781613443316 ; , s. 419-432
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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