| 1. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt: LRF och Svenskt flyg svarar inte om klimatmålen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sammantaget ser vi inget i motdebattörernas argument som talar emot att införa styrmedel, till exempel konsumtionsskatter, inom dessa områden där inga stora tekniska lösningar finns i sikte, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare i slutrepliken till sin text om flyg- och köttskatt (26/2).
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| 2. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Nu krävs kraftfulla åtgärder mot nötkött och flygresor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; 2015-02-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenskarnas globala utsläpp från köttkonsumtion och flygresor motsvarar hälften av de totala utsläppen på hemmaplan. I vår rapport till Naturvårdsverket föreslår vi tydliga styrmedel – som nya skatter – för att begränsa konsumtionen på dessa områden, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of stock investments of information about short versus long price series
- 2012
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Ingår i: Review of behavioral finance. - : Emerald. - 1940-5979. ; 4:2, s. 81-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether stock price predictions and investment decisions improve by exposure to increasing price series. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted three laboratory experiments in which undergraduates were asked to role-play being investors buying and selling stock shares. Their task was to predict an unknown closing price from an opening price and to choose the number of stocks to purchase to the opening price (risk aversion) or the closing price (risk taking). In Experiment 1 stock prices differed in volatility for increasing, decreasing or no price trend. Prices were in different conditions provided numerically for 15 trading days, for the last 10 trading days, or for the last five trading days. In Experiment 2 the price series were also visually displayed as scatter plots. In Experiment 3 the stock prices were presented for the preceding 15 days, only for each third day (five days) of the preceding 15 days, or as five prices, each aggregated for three consecutive days of the preceding 15 days. Only numerical price information was provided. Findings – The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that predictions were not markedly worse for shorter than longer price series. Possibly because longer price series increase information processing load, visual information had some influence to reduce prediction errors for the longer price series. The results of Experiment 3 showed that accuracy of predictions increased for less price volatility due to aggregation, whereas again there was no difference between five and 15 trading days. Purchase decisions resulted in better outcomes for the aggregated prices. Research limitations/implications – Investors´ performance in stock markets may not improve by increasing the length of evaluation intervals unless the quality of the information is also increased. The results need to be verified in actual stock markets. Practical implications – The results have bearings on the design of bonus systems. Originality/value – The paper shows how stock price predictions and buying and selling decisions depend on amount and quality of information about historical prices.
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| 4. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of social norms in social dilemmas: A review of the evidence and reflections on the implications for environmental behaviour
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. ; 28, s. 93-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taking rational choice theory for granted, cooperation in social dilemmas may be seen as mysterious. In one-shot dilemmas where subjects unknown to one another interact and make their decisions anonymously, cooperation could even be regarded as lunacy. Several authors have challenged this view, though. Research has also identified various factors that imply why people cooperate or defect in social dilemmas and what motivations that might guide the decision in one way or the other. Here, a closer look will be taken at social norms as a reason for departure from rational choice, a factor that rarely has been recognised in the social dilemma literature. Social norms imply that people should manifest a prescribed behaviour or not manifest a proscribed behaviour. Furthermore, social norms are often guiding behaviour in specific contexts, and many times they need to be activated. Such an activation process is often unconscious and once a norm has been activated, people tend to keep following the norm that has been primed. We wish to add to the social dilemma literature by suggesting what kinds of norms that are likely to be activated under different conditions such as one-shot vs. iterated dilemmas, but also separate domains of social life.
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| 5. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Habitual and value-guided purchase behaviour
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ambio: a journal of the human environment. ; 34:4/5, s. 360-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Society increasingly requests that individuals adopt environmentally benign be-haviour. Information campaigns purported to change peoples attitudes are often regarded as a pre-requisite to install such changes. While such information may be a necessary step, it is not a sufficient condition. We argue that much everyday behaviour with environmental consequences is habitual in kind, and that little attention is given to information directed toward changing these habitual behav-iours. In other instances, behaviour is guided by values in a more reflective proc-ess. However, other information besides environmental consequences may draw a persons attention and affect behavioural choice. Using surveys and experimental studies targeting consumer behaviour, we have studied under what conditions different kinds of information is likely to influence people with varying levels of environmental concern. Based on results from these studies, implications for be-havioural change are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Religious values and environmental concern: Harmony and detachment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Social Science Quarterly. ; 86:1, s. 178-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thought that environmental concern is rooted in religious beliefs and values has been raised by many writers. Different claims have been made about whether the nature of this relationship is positive or negative, and empirical evidence is mixed. In line with research on attitudes and values, the objective of this study is to examine the hypothesis that unless religious values are mentally accessible, they will not affect judgments of environmental issues. Two environmental is-sues, genetically modified crops and more traditional environmental issues, for example, air pollution from traffic, are chosen to represent accessibility and non-accessibility, respectively. A two-wave data set from a national survey is ana-lyzed. Results support the suggestion that religious values will affect the judg-ment of environmental threats of the first, but not the second issue. In conclu-sion, these findings suggest that situational cues partly determine which values embodied in religion that will influence environmental attitudes.
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| 7. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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The willingness to pay–willingness to accept gap revisited: The role of emotions and moral satisfaction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. ; 32:6, s. 908-917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While many earlier studies have found that people’s maximum willingness to pay for having a good is often substantially lower than their minimum willingness to accept not having it, more recent experimental evidence suggests that this discrepancy vanishes for standard consumption goods when an incentive-compatible design without misconceptions is used. This paper hypothesises that there is nevertheless a discrepancy for goods with a perceived moral character, such as contributions to a good cause, and moreover that the reason for this discrepancy can largely be explained by differences in emotions and moral perceptions. The results from a real-money dichotomous-choice experiment, combined with measurements of emotions and morality, are consistent with these hypotheses
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| 8. |
- Gifford, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments: An 18-nation study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-4944. ; 29, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The personal assessments of the current and expected future state of the environment by 3232 community respondents in 18 nations were investigated at the local, national, and global spatial levels. These assessments were compared to a ranking of each country's environmental quality by an expert panel. Temporal pessimism (“things will get worse”) was found in the assessments at all three spatial levels. Spatial optimism bias (“things are better here than there”) was found in the assessments of current environmental conditions in 15 of 18 countries, but not in the assessments of the future. All countries except one exhibited temporal pessimism, but significant differences between them were common. Evaluations of current environmental conditions also differed by country. Citizens' assessments of current conditions, and the degree of comparative optimism, were strongly correlated with the expert panel's assessments of national environmental quality. Aside from the value of understanding global trends in environmental assessments, the results have important implications for environmental policy and risk management strategies.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Grankvist, G., et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Environmental Labelling on Consumer Preference: Negative vs. Positive Labels.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Policy. ; 27, s. 213-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eco-labels in use today signify environmentally benign outcomes: "Choose this product, it is better for the environment than the average product." Another strategy would be to indicate negative outcomes with the purpose of trying to persuade consumers to avoid a product: "Do not choose this product, it is worse for the environment than the average product." In a computer-based experiment, it was investigated how these two types of labels affected preference for some everyday products. Individuals who had a weak or no interest in environmental issues were unaffected by either kind of label. Individuals with an intermediate interest in environmental issues were more affected by a negative label than by a positive label. Individuals with a strong interest in environmental protection were equally affected by the two kinds of labels.
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