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| 2. |
- Anter, Karin Fridell, et al.
(författare)
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SYN-TES INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON COLOUR AND LIGHT
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings for Interim Meeting of the International Colour Association (AIC); AIC 2012 “In Color We Live: Color and Environment”, 22 – 25 September 2012, Taipei, Taiwan. - : The International Colour Association. ; , s. 80-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colour and light have largely been considered as belonging to two different fields of knowledge, having disparate theoretical, terminological and methodological traditions. This creates a ground for misunderstandings and obstructs a fruitful interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration. A survey over international research literature from 2006 -2011 shows that there has been only little research on the spatial interaction between colour and light, but that the interest for this area has recently increased. The interdisciplinary Nordic research project SYN-TES: Human colour and light synthesis. Towards a coherent field of knowledge was carried out during 2010-11. Colour and light experts from Nordic universities and companies investigated different aspects of the spatial interaction between colour and light and its importance for human beings. This paper deals with the general learnings from the process. Specific results are presented in other papers at this conference.
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| 3. |
- Berden, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Construction logistics
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growth in urban population and economic upturn is leading to higher demand for construction, repair and renovation works in cities. Houses, public utilities, retail spaces, offices and infrastructure need to adapt to cope with the increasing number of residents and visitors, urban functions and changing standards. Construction projects contribute to more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas once they are finished. However, transport activities related to construction works have negative impacts on the surrounding community if not handled appropriately. It is estimated that 15 to 20 percent of heavy goods vehicles in cities are related to construction, and 30 to 40 percent of light commercial vans [1]. In the cities studied in the CIVIC project, construction-related transport was found to be one of the biggest challenges to improving sustainability. Smarter, cleaner and safer construction logistics solutions in urban areas are needed for environmental, societal and economic reasons. However, in many European cities and metropolitan areas the sense of urgency is not evident or a lack of knowledge is creating passivity. The goal of the CIVIC project is to facilitate and support efficient, sustainable and broadly endorsed transport to, from and around urban construction sites that minimises disruption in the surrounding community, improves construction productivity and optimises energy efficiency. The CIVIC project found that the impact of construction works on mobility and livability of a city was only a very limited part of the urban planning in the cities studied: Amsterdam, Vienna, Brussels, Stockholm and Gothenburg. The studied cities focused on large-scale infrastructure projects such as building motorways, railway stations and underground train systems or development projects, for example, whole new city areas. It is not only these large projects that need to be considered focusing on the impact of construction related transports. Additionally, there are many small-scale development projects in cities with a combination of different official and private actors. Contractors and developers/clients are displaying increasing interest in construction logistics since research shows that improved construction logistics can improve the productivity of a construction project by about 30 percent. Construction companies using innovative logistics concepts see less congestion around the sites and improved productivity and road safety. Thus, there is a need to align public planning coordinating construction projects with traffic planning in order to manage city infrastructure bottlenecks. The ultimate goal is coordinated planning between the public partner of construction projects and the private construction contractors and developers on the necessary measures for mobility, livability and road safety in the city. This handbook has been developed for local governments, clients, developers, contractors, or any other actor that can influence logistics planning and the setup of construction projects. It can help local governments collaborating with private partners to realise more sustainable, and safer, construction works with less inconvenience and cleaner air. In addition, it can help clients, developers and contractors to ensure smooth and efficient construction operations. Hence, sustainable construction logistics could be a future deal-breaker. The handbook first provides a description of the challenges of urban construction logistics and the governance of construction logistics. Secondly, it presents the Smart Governance Concept developed under the CIVIC project, combining different tools to improve construction logistics and its governance. This concept can be applied on two levels: the city level and the project level. On a city level, a sense of shared ownership and urgency should be created to optimise construction logistics on the project level. This is the first step of the concept. Steps 2 to 6 outline different tools and methods for the development of a solution: in step 2, a conceptual solution is required to create a common understanding of the prerequisites for the specific project and possible methods for organising logistics. Step 3 entails the different instruments, policies and guidelines that are needed for creating the formal conditions for the solution. In step 4, the specific stakeholders are involved to identify important criteria that influence the selection of the final solution. Step 5 then aims to select the final solution by providing cost calculations and traffic optimisation models. Step 6 entails the collection of data and follow-ups of KPIs. The final step 7 regards the evaluation of the different projects that feed back into the continuous development process of the optimisation of construction logistics at a city level. This final step is presented together with step 1 since these both concern the city level. The Smart Governance Concept should be part of development/construction projects from the very beginning, meaning from the planning phase.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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The MIMIC construction logistics game : facilitating group discussion and understanding of construction logistics through gameplay
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to describe the development of an innovative planning tool to promote the knowledge and collaboration needed to overcome challenges in the sanitation sector. A serious game was designed to share knowledge about resource recovery and support attitude-change and collaboration between stakeholders. This study documents the co-design process of game development from conception based on a set of specifications the game should achieve, through iterative testing with relevant stakeholders as players. The resulting prototype of the game showed that it was not possible to include all the original desired specifications in the final game. Stakeholders found that the game was engaging, stimulated creativity and achieved its goal.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Karl, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The MIMIC construction logistics game: facilitating group discussion and understanding of construction logistics through gameplay
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:1.15 – 1.19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- n order to facilitate discussion on construction logistic solutions in both homogenous and heterogeneous groups, the MIMIC CLS game has been developed, that allows players to negotiate transport routes and common logistics solutions surrounding an abstract construction area. Through game mechanics specially chosen to create appropriate friction between the players, discussion on the topics of the game is stimulated. The design process included significant amounts of testing and provided two key insights: the manner in which specific game design patterns influenced the game's purpose, and the difficulties involved in creating, playing and presenting games for a target group with little or no experience of games. It was also evident that a designated game facilitator made it possible to further reinforce the impact of the game, and likely necessary to be able to use it in an appropriate timeframe. Future venues of work include the integration of the game and subsequent discussions into an overall workshop format.
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| 6. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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An assessment method for evaluating colour rendering properties of light sources
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th Session of the CIE, Manchester, United Kingdom, 28 June – 4 July 2015. - 9783902842558 ; Volume 1:part 2, s. 954-963
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract We present an assessment method to evaluate how the spectral power distribution of light influences the perception of colours and small colour differences. Included in the method are several ways to measure properties of reflected light with a spectroradiometer, visual assessments of perceived colours, and a visual performance test that aims at identifying an individual minimum colour contrast visibility threshold. In a first application of the assessment method, we used a colour contrast test chart printed on paper and studied it under the illumination of three LED light sources, halogen light and daylight. We concluded that the visual performance test was effective for reviling visibility thresholds for colour contrasts and that the method has potential for understanding the influence of spectral power distribution on perceived colour and visual performance. The methodology can be useful for optimizing illumination for individual needs.
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| 7. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961
(författare)
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Colour combination effects in experimental rooms
- 1999
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Ingår i: Color Research and Application. ; 24:4, s. 230-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the way colours in a roomaffect each other through contrast effects and reflections.The study presented is based on the visual observations ofthe colour appearance of three inherent colours in a sequenceof experimental situations. My point of departurewas a yellow, blue, and red room. The room had distinctlydifferent colour appearances of the same inherent colourswhen observed at different locations. The effects of bothcontrasts and reflections were evident. However, reflectioneffects seemed to dominate the situation. In a study of smallexperimental rooms, different combinations of the samethree inherent colours were systematically tested. Comparisonswere made to examine the differences in colour appearancebetween monochromatic rooms and multicolouredrooms with varying colour schemes. The illumination waskept stable. In the cases studied, it was obvious how thecolours in the two-coloured rooms became more alike or“neutralized each other.” The contrast strengthening betweenabutting areas on the same level had distinct significancefor colour appearance and perception of space.However, not in such a way that the perceived colourdifferences became larger in the two-coloured room thanbetween each monochromatic rooms
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| 8. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Colour Emotions in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Conference on Colour Emotion Research and Application, Bangkok, Thailand, July 5–7, 2002. ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish part of the international project "Colour Emotion" has been carried out during the spring at the School of Architecture at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg. In this paper, we will give you a summary of our preliminary results.
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| 9. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961
(författare)
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Colour in Enclosed Space Observation of Colour Phenomena and Development of Methods for Identification of Colour Appearance in Rooms
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main problems dealt with in this thesis are (1) how colours can appear in rooms due to various colour combinations and lighting conditions, and (2) how we can identify and compare colour appearance in rooms. One aim is to demonstrate and discuss the complex problem of how certain conditions in a room affect colour appearance, and to give examples and describe the co-operation between some of the affecting factors in experimental rooms. Another aim is to develop and evaluate methods for studying colours in rooms, methods that give us reliable visual identifications of perceived colour and allow comparisons between different rooms. Through an architectural perspective, tailored methods and specially developed concepts, the thesis presents a way to conceptualise and treat the complex subject of colour in enclosed spaces. The thesis work includes a literature survey and empirical studies. Most of the latter were made in experimental rooms in full and small scale, which were based on studies of actual interiors and preliminary model room studies. The literature survey mapped out the knowledge field, and the empirical studies worked out methods, tools and concepts for the study of colour appearance in rooms. Preliminary attempts are made to describe the elasticity in colour appearance of certain inherent colours under varying conditions in rooms. The phenomenon of reflections has been systematically studied, and discussed in relation to simultaneous contrast. The developed concepts of identity colour and colour variations have proved to be helpful tools for analysing colour appearance. The Visual Evaluation method of Liljefors and Ejhed was adjusted to involve visual assessments of the perceived colours. The colour reference box developed during the project is taken to solve a serious methodological problem, especially for comparisons between equally painted, but differently illuminated, rooms. The difficult problem of the adaptation effect was specially dealt with - that is, the colour sample in the colour reference box is perceived differently as the observer adapts to various lighting conditions. While complementary studies are needed, it was concluded that the adaptation effect for the hue is possible to map out and control.
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| 10. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961
(författare)
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Evaluation of a colour reference box as an aid for identification of colour appearance in rooms
- 2000
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Ingår i: Color Research & Application. ; 25:3, s. 214-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hitherto, methods for visual assessment of colour appearance have not been developed for use in the study of rooms. We seek a practical method that allows one or two observers to characterize a room by identifying the perceived colours. Verbal descriptions are necessary, but lack precision. A magnitude estimation method may enable a more precise location in colour space. However, the need of a group of well-trained observers makes it impractical for room studies. A method involving matches between reference colour samples and the perceived room colours would be ideal. But, reference colour samples require a standard illumination; otherwise, the sample changes colour due to different room light. Hence, a method involving a colour reference box was developed. The colour reference box with its standard source of illumination provides a reference situation, where colour samples can be visually compared with the colours of the room. The study presented is an evaluation of this colour reference box. The crucial problem is that the same color sample in the box is perceived differently, as the observer adapts to various lighting conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate if these different perceptions of the samples could be described and controlled. In the study, 18 observers were asked to visually assess the hue of 15–66 samples, and mark its place in the NCS hue circle. The assessment of the samples was made in two different room lights: incandescent light and simulated daylight. The result of the study showed a clear tendency for the samples, perceived in the box, to shift colour in simulated daylight compared to incandescent light. It was concluded that the problem with the observer's adaptation to the room light can be described and controlled, although complementary studies are needed to quantify the adaptation effect with more accuracy, and to investigate differences in nuance. Thus, it seems that the colour reference box can be used to visually evaluate and describe the differences in colour appearance in different rooms. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 214–225, 2000
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