| 1. |
- Rasmussen, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Proteolysis and its regulation at the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2958 .- 0950-382X. ; 43:3, s. 537-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pathogenic bacteria often produce proteinases that are believed to be involved in virulence. Moreover, several host defence systems depend on proteolysis, demonstrating that proteolysis and its regulation play an important role during bacterial infections. Here, we discuss how proteolytical events are regulated at the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes during infection with this important human pathogen. Streptococcus pyogenes produces proteinases, and host proteinases are produced and released as a result of the infection. Streptococcus pyogenes also recruits host proteinase inhibitors to its surface, suggesting that proteolysis is tightly regulated at the bacterial surface. We propose that the initial phase of a S. pyogenes infection is characterized by inhibition of proteolysis and complement activity at the bacterial surface. This is achieved mainly through binding of host proteinase inhibitors and complement regulatory proteins to bacterial surface proteins. In a later phase of the infection, massive proteolytic activity will release bacterial surface proteins and degrade human tissues, thus facilitating bacterial spread. These proteolytic events are regulated both temporally and spatially, and should influence virulence and the outcome of S. pyogenes infections.
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| 2. |
- von Pawel-Rammingen, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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IdeS and SpeB: immunoglobulin-degrading cysteine proteinases of Streptococcus pyogenes.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - 1879-0364. ; 6:1, s. 50-55
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen causing substantial morbidity and mortality in society. S. pyogenes has evolved numerous molecular mechanisms to avoid the various actions of the human immune system and has established means to modulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. S. pyogenes produces and secretes proteolytic enzymes, which have an important impact on the ability of the bacteria to survive in the human host. Prominent among these are two immunoglobulin-degrading enzymes: the newly discovered streptococcal cysteine proteinase, IdeS, and the classical cysteine proteinase of S. pyogenes, SpeB.
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