| 1. |
- Rosengren, Annika, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 in people aged 18–64 in Sweden in the first year of the pandemic: Key factors for severe disease and death
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1133. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies on risk factors for severe COVID-19 in people of working age have generally not included non-working persons or established population attributable fractions (PAFs) for occupational and other factors. Objectives: We describe the effect of job-related, sociodemographic, and other exposures on the incidence, relative risks and PAFs of severe COVID-19 in individuals aged 18–64. Methods: We conducted a registry-based study in Swedish citizens aged 18–64 from 1 January 2020 to 1 February 2021 with respect to COVID-19-related hospitalizations and death. Results: Of 6,205,459 persons, 272,043 (7.5%) were registered as infected, 3399 (0.05%) needed intensive care, and 620 (0.01%) died, with an estimated case fatality rate of 0.06% over the last 4-month period when testing was adequate. Non-Nordic origin was associated with a RR for need of intensive care of 3·13, 95%CI 2·91–3·36, and a PAF of 32·2% after adjustment for age, sex, work, region and comorbidities. In a second model with occupation as main exposure, and adjusted for age, sex, region, comorbidities and origin, essential workers had an RR of 1·51, 95%CI, 1·35–1·6, blue-collar workers 1·18, 95%CI 1·06–1·31, school staff 1·21, 95%CI 1·01–1·46, and health and social care workers 1·89, 95%CI 1·67–2·135) compared with people able to work from home, with altogether about 13% of the PAF associated with these occupations. Essential workers and blue-collar workers, but no other job categories had higher risk of death, adjusted RRs of 1·79, 95%CI 1·34–2·38 and 1·37, 95%CI 1·04–1·81, with adjusted PAFs of altogether 9%. Conclusion: Among people of working age in Sweden, overall mortality and case fatality were low. Occupations that require physical presence at work were associated with elevated risk of needing intensive care for COVID-19, with 14% cases attributable to this factor, and 9% of deaths.
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| 2. |
- Rosengren, Annika, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Severe COVID-19 in people 55 and older during the first year of the pandemic in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796 .- 0955-7873. ; 292:4, s. 641-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Exposure to many contacts is the main risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, while risk of serious disease and death is chiefly determined by old age and comorbidities. Relative and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of multiple medical and social exposures for COVID-19 outcomes have not been evaluated among older adults. Objectives We describe the effect of multiple exposures on the odds of testing positive for the virus and of severe disease (hospital care or death) and PAFs in Swedish citizens aged 55 years and above. Methods We used national registers to follow all citizens aged 55 years and above with respect to (1) testing positive, (2) hospitalization, and (3) death between 31 January 2020 and 1 February 2021. Results Of 3,410,241 persons, 156,017 (4.6%, mean age 68.3 years) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while 35,999 (1.1%, mean age 76.7 years) were hospitalized or died (12,384 deaths, 0.4%, mean age 84.0 years). Among the total cohort, the proportion living without home care or long-term care was 98.8% among persons aged 55-64 and 22.1% of those aged 95 and above. After multiple adjustment, home care and long-term care were associated with odds ratios of 7.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8-9.1) and 22.5 (95% CI 19.6-25.7) for mortality, with PAFs of 21.9% (95% CI 20.9-22.9) and 33.3% (95% CI 32.4-34.3), respectively. Conclusion Among Swedish residents aged 55 years and above, those with home care or long-term care had markedly increased risk for COVID-19 death during the first year of the pandemic, with over 50% of deaths attributable to these factors.
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| 3. |
- Lundberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Age and sex differences in cause-specific excess mortality and years of life lost associated with COVID-19 infection in the Swedish population
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 33:5, s. 916-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Estimating excess mortality and years of life lost (YLL) attributed to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection provides a comprehensive picture of the mortality burden on society. We aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on age- and sex-specific excess mortality and YLL in Sweden during the first 17 months of the pandemic. Methods In this population-based observational study, we calculated age- and sex-specific excess all-cause mortality and excess YLL during 2020 and the first 5 months of 2021 and cause-specific death [deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, other causes and deaths excluding COVID-19] in 2020 compared with an average baseline for 2017-19 in the whole Swedish population. Results COVID-19 deaths contributed 9.9% of total deaths (98 441 deaths, 960 305 YLL) in 2020, accounting for 75 151 YLL (7.7 YLL/death). There were 2672 (5.7%) and 1408 (3.0%) excess deaths, and 19 141 (3.8%) and 3596 (0.8%) excess YLL in men and women, respectively. Men aged 65-110 years and women aged 75-110 years were the greatest contributors. Fewer deaths and YLL from CVD, cancer and other causes were observed in 2020 compared with the baseline adjusted to the population size in 2020. Conclusions Compared with the baseline, excess mortality and YLL from all causes were experienced in Sweden during 2020, with a higher excess observed in men than in women, indicating that more men died at a younger age while more women died at older ages than expected. A notable reduction in deaths and YLL due to CVD suggests a displacement effect from CVD to COVID-19.
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| 4. |
- Benderix, Ylva, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Barn med neuropsykiatriskt funktionshinder
- 2009
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Ingår i: PEDIATRISK OMVÅRDNAD. - Stockholm : LIBER. - 9789147093274 ; , s. 309-315
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Nogéus, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Pediatric Nurses’ Person-Centered Approach to Nausea Management in Children With Cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 2752-7530 .- 2752-7549. ; 40:2, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nausea is a problematic side effect of childhood cancer treatment. However, it is not clear what interventions and assessments pediatric oncology nurses make when caring for a child with nausea. A person-centered approach can illuminate nausea management in pediatric care. The aim was to investigate how pediatric nurses retrieve the patient's narrative, establish partnership, and document nausea in hospitalized children with cancer.Methods: Individual interviews with nurses were conducted and analyzed using deductive content analysis with the framework of person-centered care.Results: The pediatric nurses described retrieving the patient's narrative regarding their nausea by listening to and observing the child. The pediatric nurses tried to establish a partnership with the child by allowing previous knowledge and the child's own preferences guide the interventions that focus on decreasing the child's nausea. The pediatric nurses also documented the effect of the given interventions and described the child's nausea using subjective words. When planning for the child's care it was rare for the nurses to have a documented care plan, but they did review documentation of previously administered interventions to plan for future care.Discussion: The results highlight the pediatric nurses’ willingness to listen to the child, but also emphasize the need to further include the child and the parents in the partnership and documentation of nausea management. Collaboration with the child and the parents contributes to higher quality care and a partnership with trust.
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| 6. |
- Henoch, Ingela, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale : Aspects of Validity and Factors Influencing Nurses' and Nursing Students' Attitudes.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 37:1, s. E1-E11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying persons need to be explored. The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale has not previously been used in Swedish language. OBJECTIVES:: The objectives of this study were to compare FATCOD scores among Swedish nurses and nursing students with those from other languages, to explore the existence of 2 subscales, and to evaluate influences of experiences on attitudes toward care of dying patients. METHODS:: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and predictive design was used. The FATCOD scores of Swedish nurses from hospice, oncology, surgery clinics, and palliative home care and nursing students were compared with published scores from the United States, Israel, and Japan. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and factor and regression analyses were used. RESULTS:: The sample consisted of 213 persons: 71 registered nurses, 42 enrolled nurses, and 100 nursing students. Swedish FATCOD mean scores did not differ from published means from the United States and Israel, but were significantly more positive than Japanese means. In line with Japanese studies, factor analyses yielded a 2-factor solution. Total FATCOD and subscales had low Cronbach α's. Hospice and palliative team nurses were more positive than oncology and surgery nurses to care for dying patients. CONCLUSIONS:: Although our results suggest that the Swedish FATCOD may comprise 2 distinct scales, the total scale may be the most adequate and applicable for use in Sweden. Professional experience was associated with nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE:: Care culture might influence nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients; the benefits of education need to be explored.
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| 7. |
- Henoch, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) : Aspects of validity and factors influencing nurses' and nursing students' attitudes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 37:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying persons need to be explored. The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale has not previously been used in Swedish language.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare FATCOD scores among Swedish nurses and nursing students with those from other languages, to explore the existence of 2 subscales, and to evaluate influences of experiences on attitudes toward care of dying patients.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and predictive design was used. The FATCOD scores of Swedish nurses from hospice, oncology, surgery clinics, and palliative home care and nursing students were compared with published scores from the United States, Israel, and Japan. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and factor and regression analyses were used.Results: The sample consisted of 213 persons: 71 registered nurses, 42 enrolled nurses, and 100 nursing students. Swedish FATCOD mean scores did not differ from published means from the United States and Israel, but were significantly more positive than Japanese means. In line with Japanese studies, factor analyses yielded a 2-factor solution. Total FATCOD and subscales had low Cronbach [alpha]'s. Hospice and palliative team nurses were more positive than oncology and surgery nurses to care for dying patients.Conclusions: Although our results suggest that the Swedish FATCOD may comprise 2 distinct scales, the total scale may be the most adequate and applicable for use in Sweden. Professional experience was associated with nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients.Implication for Practice: Care culture might influence nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients; the benefits of education need to be explored.
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| 8. |
- Kåredal, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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A quantitative LC-MS method to determine surface contamination of antineoplastic drugs by wipe sampling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 19:1, s. 50-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective was to develop a wipe sampling test to measure surface contamination of the most frequently used antineoplastic drugs (ADs) in Swedish healthcare and, furthermore, to develop an analysis method sensitive enough to assess low levels of contamination. Two wipe sampling tests with separate sample processing methods assessing (i) cyclophosphamide (CP), ifosfamide (IF), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), etoposide (ETO), gemcitabine (GEM) and cytarabine (CYT) (Wipe Test 1); and (ii) GEM, CYT and methotrexate (MTX) (Wipe Test 2), respectively, were developed by optimization of absorption and extraction efficiencies using different wipe tissue materials, tissue wetting solution, and extraction solvents. A fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous detection of the studied ADs. The limit of quantification for the method was between 0.04 to 2.4 ng/wipe sample (0.10 to 6.1 pg/cm2 for an area of 400 cm2) and at 50 ng/sample the within-day precision was between 1.3 and 15%, and the accuracy between 102 and 127%. Wipe Test 1 was applied in an assessment of cleaning efficiency of five different cleaning solutions (formic acid, water, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for removal of ADs from surfaces made of stainless steel or plastic. For CP, IF, 5-FU, GEM, and CYT 92% of the AD were removed regardless of surface and cleaning solution. In conclusion, a user-friendly assessment method to measure low levels of seven ADs in the work environment was developed and validated. Assessment of the decontamination efficiency of cleaning solutions concerning removal of ADs from stainless steel showed that efficiencies differed depending on the AD with water being the least effective cleaning agent. The results suggests that a combination of different cleaning agents including detergent and a solution with an organic component would be optimal to efficiently remove the measured ADs from surfaces in the workplace.
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| 9. |
- Li, Huiqi, et al.
(författare)
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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Cardiovascular Effects of Welding Fumes.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Occupational exposure to particulate air pollution has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the risk to welders working today remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the cardiovascular effects of exposure to welding fumes. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, structured interviews and biological sampling were conducted for 101 welders and 127 controls (all non-smoking males) from southern Sweden. Personal breathing zone sampling of respirable dust was performed. Blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function (using peripheral arterial tonometry) were measured. Plasma and serum samples were collected from peripheral blood for measurement of C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein, homocysteine, serum amyloid A, and cytokines. RESULTS: Welders were exposed to 10-fold higher levels of particles than controls. Welders had significantly higher BP compared to controls, an average of 5 mm Hg higher systolic and diastolic BP (P≤0.001). IL-8 was 3.4 ng/L higher in welders (P=0.010). Years working as a welder were significantly associated with increased BP (β=0.35, 95%CI 0.13 - 0.58, P=0.0024 for systolic BP; β=0.32, 95%CI 0.16 - 0.48, P<0.001 for diastolic BP, adjusted for BMI) but exposure to respirable dust was not associated with BP. No clear associations occurred between welding and endothelial function, or other effect markers. CONCLUSIONS: A modest increase in BP was found among welders compared to controls suggesting that low-to-moderate exposure to welding fumes remains a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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| 10. |
- Sjögren, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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EndoS and EndoS2 hydrolyze Fc-glycans on therapeutic antibodies with different glycoform selectivity and can be used for rapid quantification of high-mannose glycans.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423 .- 0959-6658. ; 25:10, s. 1053-1063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzymes that affect glycoproteins of the human immune system, and thereby modulate defense responses, are abundant among bacterial pathogens. Two endoglycosidases from the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, EndoS and EndoS2, have recently been shown to hydrolyze N-linked glycans of human IgG. However, detailed characterization and comparison of the hydrolyzing activities have not been performed. In the present study we set out to characterize the enzymes by comparing the activities of EndoS and EndoS2 on a selection of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cetuximab, adalimumab, panitumumab, and denosumab. By analyzing the glycans hydrolyzed by EndoS and EndoS2 from the antibodies using MALDI-TOF, we found that both enzymes cleaved complex glycans, and that EndoS2 hydrolyzed hybrid and oligomannose structures to a greater extent compared to EndoS. A comparison of UHPLC profiles of the glycan pool of cetuximab hydrolyzed with EndoS and EndoS2 showed that EndoS2 hydrolyzed hybrid and oligomannose glycans whereas these peaks were missing in the EndoS chromatogram. We utilized this difference in glycoform selectivity and developed a liquid chromatography separation method to quantify high-mannose content in the Fc fragments of the selected mAbs. We conclude that EndoS and EndoS2 hydrolyze different glycoforms from the Fc-glycosylation site on therapeutic mAbs, and that this can be used for rapid quantification of high-mannose content.
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