| 1. |
- de Jong, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Area-aggregated assessments of perceived environmental attributes may overcome single-source bias in studies of green environments and health: results from a cross-sectional survey in southern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - 1476-069X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most studies assessing health effects of neighborhood characteristics either use self-reports or objective assessments of the environment, the latter often based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS). While objective measures require detailed landscape data, self-assessments may yield confounded results. In this study we demonstrate how self-assessments of green neighborhood environments aggregated to narrow area units may serve as an appealing compromise between objective measures and individual self-assessments. Methods: The study uses cross-sectional data (N = 24,847) from a public health survey conducted in the county of Scania, southern Sweden, in 2008 and validates the Scania Green Score (SGS), a new index comprising five self-reported green neighborhood qualities (Culture, Lush, Serene, Spacious and Wild). The same qualities were also assessed objectively using landscape data and GIS. A multilevel (ecometric) model was used to aggregate individual self-reports to assessments of perceived green environmental attributes for areas of 1,000 square meters. We assessed convergent and concurrent validity for self-assessments of the five items separately and for the sum score, individually and area-aggregated. Results: Correlations between the index scores based on self-assessments and the corresponding objective assessments were clearly present, indicating convergent validity, but the agreement was low. The correlation was even more evident for the area-aggregated SGS. All three scores (individual SGS, area-aggregated SGS and GIS index score) were associated with neighborhood satisfaction, indicating concurrent validity. However, while individual SGS was associated with vitality, this association was not present for aggregated SGS and the GIS-index score, suggesting confounding (single-source bias) when individual SGS was used. Conclusions: Perceived and objectively assessed qualities of the green neighborhood environment correlate but do not agree. An index score based on self-reports but aggregated to narrow area units can be a valid approach to assess perceived green neighborhood qualities in settings where objective assessments are not possible or feasible.
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| 2. |
- Ernfors, Maria, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Greenhouse gas dynamics of a well-drained afforested agricultural peatland
- 2020
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Ingår i: Boreal environment research. - 1239-6095 .- 1797-2469. ; 25, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About a quarter of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are attributable to agriculture, forestry and other land use. Few studies of afforested drained peatlands have measured exchanges of all three major greenhouse gases (GHG) at a given site, leading to uncertainty in estimated GHG budgets. Thus, we measured forest floor exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at a well-drained afforested peatland in southern Sweden. The CO2 emissions (76 000 kg ha–1 a–1; SE 6 000) were large compared with previous measurements at similar sites, which may have been partly due to a measurement technique that did not underestimate the flux. A net CH4 uptake of 4.4 kg ha–1 a–1 (SE 0.41) and a net N2O emission of 2.7 kg ha–1 a–1 (SE 0.23) were found, which agreed well with published models relating fluxes to stand biomass (CH4 models) or soil C:N ratio (N2O models).
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| 3. |
- Meyer, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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A fertile peatland forest does not constitute a major greenhouse gas sink
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 10, s. 7739-7758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Afforestation has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate the often high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils with high organic matter content. However, the carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes after afforestation can be considerable, depending predominantly on site drainage and nutrient availability. Studies on the full GHG budget of afforested organic soils are scarce and hampered by the uncertainties associated with methodology. In this study we etermined the GHG budget of a spruce-dominated forest on a drained organic soil with an agricultural history. Two different approaches for determining the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) were applied, for the year 2008, one direct (eddy covariance) and the other indirect (analyzing the different components of the GHG budget), so that uncertainties in each method could be evaluated. The annual tree production in 2008 was 8.3±3.9 tC ha−1 yr−1 due to the high levels of soil nutrients, the favorable climatic conditions and the fact that the forest was probably in its phase of maximum C assimilation or shortly past it. The N2O fluxes were determined by the closed-chamber technique and amounted to 0.9±0.8 tCeq ha−1 yr−1. According to the direct measurements from the eddy covariance technique, the site acts as a minor GHG sink of −1.2±0.8 t Ceq ha−1 yr−1. This contrasts with the NEE estimate derived from the indirect approach which suggests that the site is a net GHG emitter of 0.6±4.5 tCeq ha−1 yr−1. Irrespective of the approach applied, the soil CO2 effluxes counter large amounts of the C sequestration by trees. Due to accumulated uncertainties involved in the indirect approach, the direct approach is considered the more reliable tool. As the rate of C sequestration will likely decrease with forest age, the site will probably become a GHG source once again as the trees do not compensate for the soil C and N losses. Also forests in younger age stages have been shown to have lower C assimilation rates; thus, the overall GHG sink potential of this afforested nutrient-rich organic soil is probably limited to the short period of maximum C assimilation.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Modellering av råvaruflödet i skogliga värdekedjor, inklusive råvaruegenskaper och hållbarhetsaspekter
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en delrapport från programmet Mistra Digital Forest. Rapporten beskriver den inledande utvecklingen av verktyget BioMapp. Vidare beskrivs vilka digitala data som kan användas som indata för att driva simuleringar med verktyget samt hur den fortsatta utvecklingen planeras inom Mistra Digital Forest. BioMapp är tänkt att användas för att bidra till en ökad förståelse av hur den skogliga råvaran fördelas på olika produktgrupper, samt för att beräkna ett antal hållbarhetsindikatorer för varje steg i förädlingsprocessen. Dessutom ska BioMapp kunna visualisera och beräkna effekter av ändrade strategier i råvaruförsörjningen, tex om flödet av skogsråvara styrs till industrikunden baserat på ved- och fiberegenskaper i högre grad än i dag.
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| 5. |
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