| 1. |
- Andersson, Elin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Type-dependent E6/E7 mRNA expression of single and multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infections in cervical neoplasia.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5967. ; 54:1, s. 61-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coinfection with multiple HPV types is common in cervical lesions, but the biological significance of the individual infections is difficult to establish. Expression of oncogenic E6/E7 HPV mRNA is correlated to risk of malignant progression, commercial assays for genotyping E6/E7 mRNA of all HR-HPV are lacking.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Elin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Type-specific HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection by real-time PCR improves identification of cervical neoplasia.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 49:11, s. 3794-3799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA-based HPV assays show high sensitivity but poor specificity in detecting high-grade cervical lesions. Assays detecting mRNA of oncogenic E6/E7 show higher specificity, but lack either detection of all high-risk HPV genotypes or the capacity to specify the detected genotypes. Therefore, a real-time PCR assay detecting type-specific E6/E7 mRNA was developed and the clinical performance evaluated. 210 cervical LBC (liquid based cytology) samples from 204 women were analysed for HPV DNA and mRNA with the in house real-time PCR as well as PreTect HPV-Proofer. The sensitivity of real-time PCR mRNA-detection to detect histologically confirmed CIN2+ (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher) were 0.91, compared to 0.95 for DNA-analysis. The specificity was 0.68 compared to 0.38, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was higher for mRNA (0.67 vs 0.52) without any loss in negative predictive value (NPV). The sensitivity of the real-time PCR mRNA-test was somewhat higher than for PreTect HPV-Proofer (0.83 vs 0.75), when analysing for the same genotypes. The specificity was similar (0.76 vs 0.77). When analysing for mRNA of the eight most common genotypes in cervical cancer (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58), the sensitivity to detect CIN2+ lesions was 0.87 and the specificity 0.74, with a PPV of 0.70. In conclusion, real-time PCR for detection of HPV E6/E7 mRNA transcripts can be a sensitive and specific tool in screening and investigation of cervical neoplasia. The composition of HPV-types in mRNA-testing needs to be further investigated to optimize sensitivity and specificity.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Forsgren-Brusk, U., et al.
(författare)
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Method for Bacterial Growth and Ammonia Production and Effect of Inhibitory Substances in Disposable Absorbent Hygiene Products
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1071-5754. ; 44:1, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a pragmatic laboratory method to provide a technique for developing incontinence products better able to reduce malodor when used in the clinical setting. METHODS: Bacterial growth and bacterially formed ammonia in disposable absorbent incontinence products was measured by adding synthetic urine inoculated with bacteria to test samples cut from the crotch area of the product. The inhibitory effect's of low pH (4.5 and 4.9) and 3 antimicrobial substanceschlorhexidine, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and thymolat 2 concentrations each, were studied. RESULTS: From the initial inocula of 3.3 log colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) at baseline, the bacterial growth of the references increased to 5.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL at 6 hours for Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. At 12 hours there was a further increase to 7.0 to 8.9 log cfu/mL. Adjusting the pH of the superabsorbent in the incontinence product from 6.0 to pH 4.5 and pH 4.9 significantly (P < .05) inhibited the bacterial growth rates, in most cases, both at 6 and 12 hours. The effect was most pronounced at pH 4.5. Chlorhexidine had significant (P < .05) inhibitory effect on E. coli and E. faecalis, and at 12 hours also on P. mirabilis. For PHMB and thymol the results varied. At 6 hours, the ammonia concentration in the references (pH 6.0) was 200 to 300 ppm and it was 1500 to 1600 ppm at 8 hours. At pH 4.5, no or little ammonia production was measured at 6 and 8 hours. At pH 4.9, there was a significant reduction (P < .01). Chlorhexidine and PHMB exerted a significant (P < .01 or P < .001) inhibitory effect on ammonia production at both concentrations and at 6 and 8 hours. Thymol 0.003% and 0.03% showed inhibitory effect at both 6 hours (P < .01 or P < .001) and at 8 hours (P < .05 or P < .001). CONCLUSION: The method described in this study can be used to compare the ability of various disposable absorbent products to inhibit bacterial growth and ammonia production. This technique, we describe, provides a pragmatic method for assessing the odor-inhibiting capacity of specific incontinence products.
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| 5. |
- Hamngren Blomqvist, Charlotte, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A Single-Cell Study of a Highly Effective Hog1 Inhibitor for in Situ Yeast Cell Manipulation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Micromachines. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-666X. ; 5:1, s. 81-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a single cell study of a highly effective Hog1 inhibitor. For this application, we used sequential treatment of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell array, with the Hog1 inhibitor and osmotic stress. For this purpose, a four-inlet microfluidic chamber with controlled introduction of two different cell strains within the same experimental setting and a subsequent rapid switching between treatments was designed. Multiple cell strains within the same experiment is a unique feature which is necessary for determining the expected absent cellular response. The nuclear translocation of the cytosolic MAPK, Hog1, was monitored by fluorescence imaging of Hog1-GFP on a single-cell level. An optical tweezers setup was used for controlled cell capture and array formation. Nuclear Hog1-GFP localization was impaired for treated cells, providing evidence of a congenial microfluidic setup, where the control cells within the experiments validated its appropriateness. The chamber enables multiple treatments with incubation times in the order of seconds and the possibility to remove either of the treatments during measurement. This flexibility and the possibility to use internal control cells ensures it a valuable scientific tool for unraveling the HOG pathway, similar signal transduction pathways and other biological mechanisms where temporal resolution and real time imaging is a prerequisite.
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| 6. |
- Hamngren Blomqvist, Charlotte, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Design and evaluation of a microfluidic system for inhibition studies of yeast cell signaling
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819491756 ; , s. 84582K-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In cell signaling, different perturbations lead to different responses and using traditional biological techniques that result in averaged data may obscure important cell-to-cell variations. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a four-inlet microfluidic system that enables single-cell analysis by investigating the effect on Hog1 localization post a selective Hog1 inhibitor treatment during osmotic stress. Optical tweezers was used to position yeast cells in an array of desired size and density inside the microfluidic system. By changing the flow rates through the inlet channels, controlled and rapid introduction of two different perturbations over the cell array was enabled. The placement of the cells was determined by diffusion rates flow simulations. The system was evaluated by monitoring the subcellular localization of a fluorescently tagged kinase of the yeast "High Osmolarity Glycerol" (HOG) pathway, Hog1-GFP. By sequential treatment of the yeast cells with a selective Hog1 kinase inhibitor and sorbitol, the subcellular localization of Hog1-GFP was analysed on a single-cell level. The results showed impaired Hog1-GFP nuclear localization, providing evidence of a congenial design. The setup made it possible to remove and add an agent within 2 seconds, which is valuable for investigating the dynamic signal transduction pathways and cannot be done using traditional methods. We are confident that the features of the four-inlet microfluidic system will be a valuable tool and hence contribute significantly to unravel the mechanisms of the HOG pathway and similar dynamic signal transduction pathways.
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| 7. |
- Liljensten, E, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the healing of bone grafts, and the incorporation of titanium implants in grafted bone: an experimental animal model.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 9:9, s. 535-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An insufficient quality and amount of bone often necessitate the clinical use of implants together with bone transplants. The present study describes an experimental animal model for the study of implants in bone grafts. Circular defects were made bilaterally in the tibia of 36 rabbits. The defects received either autologous cortical bone (control), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), plasma-augmented DBM or were left empty (without bone graft). In all defects a titanium implant was centrally placed and anchored in the opposite cortex. Evaluation with light microscopic morphometry showed that the insertion of a threaded titanium implant centrally in a cortical defect was followed by a spontaneous healing of the defect after 6 mon. After 6 wk, all implants in cortical grafts were well integrated with a significantly higher bone-to-implant contact than in the DBM and plasma-augmented groups. After 6 mon, all experimental groups had a mean bone area within the threads ranging between 69% and 80% and a mean bone-to-implant contact between 31% and 42%. The results from the present study indicate that the model allows comparative studies on the early formation, resorption and remodelling of bone around implants after modification of implant, graft and host properties.
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| 8. |
- Pakanen, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Low frequencies of supernormal clutches in the Southern Dunlin and the Temminck's Stint
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ardea. - : Netherlands Ornithologists' Union. - 0373-2266. ; 107:1, s. 61-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supernormal clutches are found across bird species. Such clutches often result from more than one female laying eggs in the same nest and can reflect different behaviours from parasitism to laying mistakes. Enlarged clutches are readily visible among waders due to a maximum maternal clutch size of four eggs, yet surprisingly little is known about this phenomenon. Since supernormal clutches are rare, large sample sizes are required to reliably quantify their natural frequencies. We used a large dataset to estimate the frequency of supernormal clutches in the polygamous Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii and the monogamous Southern Dunlin C. alpina schinzii, and examine the timing of supernormal clutches in relation to the general distribution of nest initiation dates. While supernormal clutches were very rare, they were over four times more common in the Temminck's Stint (0.50%, n = 1594) than in the Southern Dunlin (0.11%, n = 2766). Dunlin show among the lowest frequency of supernormal clutches reported for waders. In the Temminck's Stint, supernormal clutches were found in the middle of the season, while in the Southern Dunlin such clutches occurred in late season replacement nests. The higher rate and timing of enlarged clutches in Temminck's Stints probably relates to the species' breeding system, which can include simultaneous courtship of multiple partners, but more work is needed to assess the relative influence of different factors. We argue that intraspecific nest parasitism is unlikely to be a primary reproductive tactic in small sandpipers.
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| 9. |
- Pechacek, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Classical polyandry found in the three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Ornithology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-8375 .- 2193-7192 .- 2193-7206. ; 147:1, s. 112-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report two cases of simultaneous, social polyandry in the three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus found in Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany during an 11-year study. The first case was between two neighbouring pairs in 2003. A female incubated both of her clutches during a period of at least 8 days. The second case was in 2004 between a widowed male and a female of a neighbouring pair. This time, a female divided parental care between her two clutches during a period of at least 27 days. We hypothesise that social polyandry in the three-toed woodpecker may be linked to the parental quality of the first male.
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| 10. |
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