| 1. |
- Dunn, R. J. H., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE : State of the Climate in 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 102:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and factor structure of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory--Swedish Language Version (MPI-S).
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pain. - : LWW. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 75:1, s. 101-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychological assessment of chronic pain is often accomplished using questionnaires such as the (West Haven-Yale) Multidimensional Pain Inventory ((WHY)MPI) which is constructed to capture the multidimensionality of chronic pain. The (WHY)MPI theoretically originates from behavioural and cognitive behavioural theories of pain. It is divided into three parts and measures psychosocial and behavioural consequences of pain. This questionnaire has displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and translations of the original English version into German and Dutch have been demonstrated to be reliable and valid. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and factor structure of a Swedish translation of the (WHY)MPI, the MPI-S, and also to test the generalisability of the factor structure found for the (WHY)MPI. We performed analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) employing LISREL-8 on a population of 682 patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain. Test-retest analysis was accomplished on a sub-sample of 54 individuals taken from the aforementioned population. For sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S the overall reliability and stability were good, and after the exclusion of four items, the factor structure was similar to other versions of the MPI. For section 3, despite removal of five questions, the proposed factor structure could not be replicated. This part of the inventory is designed to measure the extent of different types of activities, and our results suggest that this section may only be used for assessing general activity level. We conclude that, with a few adjustments, the analyses yielded satisfactory results for sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S regarding its factor structure, reliability and generalisability. For section 3 the hypothesised factor structure could not be confirmed.
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| 3. |
- Hosie, S., et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients and mice expressing the autism-associated R451C mutation in neuroligin-3
- 2019
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Ingår i: Autism Research. - : Wiley. - 1939-3792 .- 1939-3806. ; 12:7, s. 1043-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastrointestinal (GI) problems constitute an important comorbidity in many patients with autism. Multiple mutations in the neuroligin family of synaptic adhesion molecules are implicated in autism, however whether they are expressed and impact GI function via changes in the enteric nervous system is unknown. We report the GI symptoms of two brothers with autism and an R451C mutation in Nlgn3 encoding the synaptic adhesion protein, neuroligin-3. We confirm the presence of an array of synaptic genes in the murine GI tract and investigate the impact of impaired synaptic protein expression in mice carrying the human neuroligin-3 R451C missense mutation (NL3(R451C)). Assessing in vivo gut dysfunction, we report faster small intestinal transit in NL3(R451C) compared to wild-type mice. Using an ex vivo colonic motility assay, we show increased sensitivity to GABA(A) receptor modulation in NL3(R451C) mice, a well-established Central Nervous System (CNS) feature associated with this mutation. We further show increased numbers of small intestine myenteric neurons in NL3(R451C) mice. Although we observed altered sensitivity to GABA(A) receptor modulators in the colon, there was no change in colonic neuronal numbers including the number of GABA-immunoreactive myenteric neurons. We further identified altered fecal microbial communities in NL3(R451C) mice. These results suggest that the R451C mutation affects small intestinal and colonic function and alter neuronal numbers in the small intestine as well as impact fecal microbes. Our findings identify a novel GI phenotype associated with the R451C mutation and highlight NL3(R451C) mice as a useful preclinical model of GI dysfunction in autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1043-1056. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary People with autism commonly experience gastrointestinal problems, however the cause is unknown. We report gut symptoms in patients with the autism-associated R451C mutation encoding the neuroligin-3 protein. We show that many of the genes implicated in autism are expressed in mouse gut. The neuroligin-3 R451C mutation alters the enteric nervous system, causes gastrointestinal dysfunction, and disrupts gut microbe populations in mice. Gut dysfunction in autism could be due to mutations that affect neuronal communication.
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| 4. |
- Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Shift work, nitrous oxide exposure and subfertility among Swedish midwives
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - 0300-5771. ; 25:4, s. 783-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Shift work and nitrous oxide exposure have both been suspected of having adverse influence on the reproductive performance of health workers. Time to pregnancy has been suggested as a sensitive measure of fecundity in occupationally exposed groups. We investigated the effects of shift work and nitrous oxide exposure on the fertility of Swedish midwives. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Swedish Midwives Association who were born 1940 or thereafter, 3985 in all. Eighty-four per cent responded. Detailed information on the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve pregnancy and the working conditions during that period were obtained concerning the most recent, planned pregnancy occurring after 1983. The per cycle probability of becoming pregnant was calculated for each exposure category, and the relation to the unexposed was expressed as fecundability ratios. RESULTS: Midwives who worked two-shift, three-shift rotas, or only nights had reduced fertility compared to those working in the day time. The fecundability ratios were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.94), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60-0.98), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.64-1.03), respectively, after adjustment for covariates. No effect of nitrous oxide exposure was noted except in the small group reporting that they assisted at more than 30 deliveries per month when nitrous oxide was used (fecundability ratio = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44-0.95). CONCLUSION: Shift work and frequent, high occupational exposure to nitrous oxide may have a negative influence on the ability of women to become pregnant.
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| 5. |
- Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women. A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Orebro County, Sweden
- 1991
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Ingår i: Am J Epidemiol. - 0002-9262. ; 133:4, s. 338-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Orebro County, Sweden, from October 1980 to June 1983, 678 nonsmokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intrauterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.38) compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. This could not be explained by age, previous spontaneous abortion, educational level, planning of pregnancy, or alcohol use. The effect was confined to first-trimester fetal loss (adjusted RR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.23-3.81), while active smoking was associated with intrauterine death after the first trimester. Passive exposure in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) but not with low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both of these outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to fetal development and survival.
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| 6. |
- Arnrup, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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A short-term follow-up of treatment outcome in groups of uncooperative child dental patients.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. - 1591-996X. ; 5:4, s. 216-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the short-term follow-up outcome in four subgroups of uncooperative child dental patients referred to a specialist paediatric dental clinic in Sweden. METHODS: Seventy children, classified into four groups (based on fear, temperament, behaviour and verbal intelligence), were followed-up at their public dental clinics after termination of specialist dental treatment. Questionnaire assessments of children's dental and general fear, parental dental fear, emotional stress, locus of control and parenting efficacy were made by parents pre and post treatment and at follow-up and were analysed within and between groups. At follow-up, parents rated their children's coping and procedure stress, while treatment acceptance was rated by the dentists. RESULTS: Decreases in child dental fear were maintained at follow-up, although a third of children still had moderate or high dental fear. For those children who had been classified into the externalising, impulsive group, an increased risk of non-acceptance (RR=3.7) was indicated. The risk of dental fear at follow-up was increased for the group of fearful, inhibited children (RR=3.8). For the study group as a whole a poorer follow-up outcome could be predicted by avoidance behaviour (OR 12.9-16.6) and moderate or high post treatment dental fear (OR 6.5- 21.3). CONCLUSIONS: Fearful, inhibited child dental patients may need, due to dental fear, extra attention even after successful dental treatment at a specialist clinic. Externalising, impulsive children constitute a special challenge for dentistry. The continued need for adjusted management after termination of specialist treatment can be predicted from avoidance behaviour and post treatment dental fear scores.
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| 7. |
- Arnrup, K, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of dental behavior management problems among children.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Poster presentation at the 85th General Session & Exhibition of the IADR, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 21-24, 2007..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to further investigate the heterogeneity within the group of children referred for specialist treatment because of dental behavior management problems (DBMP). A specific aim was to evaluate the validity of a previously reported cluster structure in another DBMP study group. Methods: 177 child dental patients, aged 4 to 12 at referral to a specialist pediatric dental clinic in Göteborg, Sweden, were classified into subgroups according to their personal characteristics. Cluster structure was described and compared to previously reported findings in a DBMP study group of same-aged child dental patients in Örebro, Sweden (n=74). Parental assessments of children's dental and general fear, temperament and behavior were made pre-treatment. The children also performed a vocabulary test. Data were analyzed mainly with a person-based approach using sequences of cluster analyses. Results: Classification into five different subgroups was judged the best representation of the Göteborg study group data, while four groups had been defined in Örebro. The new clusters partly paralleled the previous and were labeled (I) Extrovert, outgoing, (II) Highly fearful, multiple problems, (III) Highly fearful, (IV) Moderately fearful, externalizing, impulsive and (V) Moderately fearful, inhibited. Cluster profile II describes severe dental fear and general temperamental and behavioral problems of internalizing as well as externalizing character. Such combined problems were not clearly revealed in the Örebro cluster structure. Conclusion: The contention that children with dental behavior management problems (DBMP) comprise a heterogeneous group was strengthened. Similar, although not identical, clusters of children showing DBMP were identified in this replication study. Apart from different levels of dental fear, varying temperamental and behavioral characteristics need to be taken into consideration to better match treatment for these patients
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Gösta, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Shift work, nitrous oxide exposure, and spontaneous abortion among Swedish midwives
- 1996
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1351-0711. ; 53:6, s. 374-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the relation between irregular work hours, nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. METHODS: All 3985 female members of the Swedish Midwives Association in 1989, born in 1940 or later, received a questionnaire on exposure before and during all of their pregnancies. Questions on work conditions covered occupation, extent of employment, workplace, work schedules, use of anaesthetics, and work load. The association between exposure variables and spontaneous abortion was analysed by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Night work and three shift schedules among midwives showed increased odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) 1.63 (0.95-2.81) and 1.49 (0.86-2.59), respectively. The ORs of late spontaneous abortions (after the 12th week of pregnancy) was increased for night work 3.33 (1.13-9.87). Use of N2O (> 50% of the deliveries) was not associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion OR 0.95 (0.62-1.47). Frequent or permanent shortage of staff was related to an increased risk of spontaneous abortions before the 13th week of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that night work and high work load increase the risk of spontaneous abortion.
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| 10. |
- Bodin, L., et al.
(författare)
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The association of shift work and nitrous oxide exposure in pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age
- 1999
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983. ; 10:4, s. 429-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the relation between shift work and occupational nitrous oxide exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy and birth weight and gestational age at delivery among the members of the Swedish Midwives Association. Eighty-four per cent of members who were registered in 1989 responded to a postal questionnaire concerning occupational exposures, including work schedule and the use of nitrous oxide, in relation to each of their pregnancies. We obtained information on births from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. We used models with allowance for dependence between births for the same woman and found that night work was associated with preterm birth (<37 weeks) [odds ratio (OR) = 5.6; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.9, 16.4] and to a lesser extent with low birth weight [OR = 1.9 (95% CL = 0.6, 5.8)]. Three-shift work schedule (day, evening, and night rotation) showed a possible association with preterm birth [OR = 2.3 (95% CL = 0.7, 7.3)]. Exposure to nitrous oxide use was associated with reduced birth weight (-77 gm; 95% CL = -129, -24) and an increase in the odds of infants being small for gestational age (< or = 10th percentile of weight for gestational week) (OR = 1.8; 95% CL = 1.1, 2.8).
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