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- Pagels, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Suberythemal Sun Exposures at Swedish Schools Depend on Sky Views of the Outdoor Environments - Possible Implications for Pupils' Health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Photochemistry and Photobiology. - : Wiley. - 0031-8655 .- 1751-1097. ; 92:1, s. 201-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More scheduled outdoor stay is increasingly advocated for school children. This study measured 2(nd), 5(th) and 8(th) graders' erythemal UV-exposure in September, March and May at four Swedish schools. We related those exposures, as fractions of total available ambient radiation, to the schools outdoor environments differing in amount of shade, vegetation, and peripheral city-scape quantified as percentage of free sky view calculated from fish-eye photographs. Exposures correlated with the sky views (with exceptions in May) and were suberythemal. The exposures were also below the threshold limit of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for hazard evaluation of UVR but were potentially enough for adequate vitamin D formation according to a cited model calculation - as illustrated in the results and discussed. The school environments, typical in southern and middle Sweden, offer enough shade to protect children from overexposure during seasons with potentially harmful solar UV radiation. Pupils' outdoor stay may be extended during September and March. In May extended outdoor stay of the youngest pupils requires a more UVR-protective environment.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Raustorp, Anders, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Translation of children’s cycling into steps: the share of cycling in 10-year-olds’ physical activity
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2191-0278 .- 0334-0139. ; 25:2, s. 171-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Active travel has a potential to increase children ' s physical activity (PA). Pedometers offer a valid option to measure PA, but do not capture cycling activity. Children ' s self-reported cycling distances can be analyzed by the Geografic Information System (GIS). Aim: To combine pedometry and GIS mapping to identify the relative amount of cycling in children ' s PA. Study group: Of all children in 4th grade (n = 187) in Staffanstorp Sweden, 144 had valid pedometer data. Fifty-six children were non-cyclists while 88 children (32 boys, 47 girls, 9 gender unknown) reported at least one cycle journey. Methods: Cycle trips were entered into GIS and calculated to total cycling distance. Average length of the single distances cycled per day was 676 m (SD = 534 m). A previously reported cycling speed (13.5 km/h) was used to calculate time spent cycling. Consequently distance = 676 m, speed = 13.5 km/h = 13,500 m/3600 s = 3.75 m/s and time = 676m/3.75m/s = 180.26 s = 3 min. Expenditure of 4 and 5 metabolic equivalents (METs) has in children been reported equivalent to 122 and 127 steps/min, respectively. We estimated 4.7 METs (13.5 km/h) as 126 steps for every min of cycling (127 - 122 = 5 ×?0.7 = 125.5). Results: The daily mean cycle distance was 676 m, on average 379 additional steps/day for cycling children (min. 21, max. 1385, SD = 299) with no gender difference. Additional " steps " obtained by cycling corresponded to on average 3 % of their PA. Conclusion: The relative contribution of cycling in 10-yearold children ' s PA level is quite small and stable between children across different levels of activity levels, regardless of gender. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
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| 4. |
- Söderström, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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The quality of the outdoor environment influences children's health. -A cross-sectional study of preschools.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 102:1, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To test how the quality of the outdoor environment of child day care centers (DCCs) influences children's health. METHODS: The environment was assessed using the Outdoor Play Environmental Categories (OPEC) tool; time spent outdoors, and physical activity as measured by pedometer. 172/253 (68%) of children aged 3.0-5.9 from nine DCCs participated in Southern Sweden. Health data collected were body mass index, waist circumference, saliva cortisol, length of night sleep during study, and symptoms and wellbeing which were scored (one-week diary- 121 parent responders). Also, parent-rated wellbeing and health of their child were scored (questionnaire, 132 parent responders). MANOVA, ANOVA and principal component analyses were performed to identify impacts of the outdoor environment on health. RESULTS: High quality outdoor environment at DCCs is associated with several health aspects in children such as leaner body, longer night sleep, better wellbeing and higher mid-morning saliva cortisol levels. CONCLUSION: The quality of the outdoor environment at DCCs influenced the health and wellbeing of preschool children and should be given more attention among health care professionals and community planners. © 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
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