| 1. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 2. |
- Bartosiewicz, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeozoological and Historical Data on Sturgeon Fishing along the Danube
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dong wu kao gu. 3. - Beijing : Wen wu chu ban she. - 9787501064199 ; , s. 61-73
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses archaeological and historical data on sturgeon (Acipenseridaefamily) in the Danube River with special emphasis on the great sturgeon (Acipenser huso Linnaeus,1758 syn. Huso huso Brandt, 1869). Having established the complementary nature ofinformation offered by prehistoric and medieval fish bone finds and the written record, it emphasizesthat a multidisciplinary interpretive framework is indispensable in addressing ecologicaland economic questions involving traditional sturgeon exploitation, extinction and possiblereintroduction in the Danube. Prior to their extinction in the Danube, sturgeons were affectedby the sum of anthropogenic activities along the river’ s course, including increasing watertransport, overfishing and the construction of dams.
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| 3. |
- Bartosiewicz, Laszlo, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Herd mentality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Social Dimensions of Food in the Prehistoric Balkans. - Oxford : Oxbow Books. - 9781789250800
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Bonsall, Clive, et al.
(författare)
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Food for Thought : Re-Assessing Mesolithic Diets in the Iron Gates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Radiocarbon. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0033-8222 .- 1945-5755. ; 57:4, s. 689-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in human bone collagen are used routinely to aid in the reconstruction of ancient diets. Isotopic analysis of human remains from sites in the Iron Gates section of the Lower Danube Valley has led to conflicting interpretations of Mesolithic diets in this key region of southeast Europe. One view (Bonsall et al. 1997, 2004) is that diets were based mainly on riverine resources throughout the Mesolithic. A competing hypothesis (Nehlich et al. 2010) argues that Mesolithic diets were more varied with at least one Early Mesolithic site showing an emphasis on terrestrial resources, and riverine resources only becoming dominant in the Later Mesolithic. The present article revisits this issue, discussing the stable isotope data in relation to archaeozoological and radiocarbon evidence.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bonsall, Clive, et al.
(författare)
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The ‘Clisurean’ finds from Climente II cave, Iron Gates, Romania
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 423, s. 303-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climente II cave, Iron Gates, Romania was excavated in 1968-9. Human remains were recovered from contexts identified as 'Clisurean' (Final Epigravettian), along with ca 6000 chipped stone artifacts, bone tools including awls, arrowheads and a fragment of a harpoon, and shell and animal tooth ornaments. This article presents a re-evaluation of the archaeological finds from Climente II. Osteological analysis of the human remains confirms at least three individuals: a robust, young adult male aged between 18 and 28 years, a second (older) adult, and a neonate. Single-entity C-14 dating of human bone and humanly modified animal bones suggests the Clisurean occupation occurred during the BollingeAllerod warm period. Carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) stable isotope analyses highlight the importance of fish in human diet at Climente II. Comparison of the Climente II archaeological inventory with that from later, fisher-hunter-gatherer settlements in the Iron Gates indicates continuity of mortuary ritual, lithic tradition and subsistence practices from the Lateglacial into the Early Holocene.
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| 7. |
- Frantz, Laurent A. F., et al.
(författare)
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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:35, s. 17231-17238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by similar to 10,500 y before the present ( BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers similar to 8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.
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| 8. |
- Grzybowska, Milena, et al.
(författare)
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Faunal remains from the 1982–83 investigations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archaeology and Environment on the North Sea Littoral. - Derbyshire : Archaeological Research Services Ltd.. - 9780993078903 ; , s. 169-190
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Peyroteo Stjerna, Rita, 1977-
(författare)
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On Death in the Mesolithic : Or the Mortuary Practices of the Last Hunter-Gatherers of the South-Western Iberian Peninsula, 7th–6th Millennium BCE
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The history of death is entangled with the history of changing social values, meaning that a shift in attitudes to death will be consistent with changes in a society’s world view.Late Mesolithic shell middens in the Tagus and Sado valleys, Portugal, constitute some of the largest and earliest burial grounds known, arranged and maintained by people with a hunting, fishing, and foraging lifestyle, c 6000–5000 cal BCE. These sites have been interpreted in the light of economic and environmental processes as territorial claims to establish control over limited resources. This approach does not explain the significance of the frequent disposal of the dead in neighbouring burial grounds, and how these places were meaningful and socially recognized. The aim of this dissertation is to answer these questions through the detailed analysis of museum collections of human burials from these sites, excavated between the late nineteenth century and the 1960s.I examine the burial activity of the last hunter-gatherers of the south-western Iberian Peninsula from an archaeological perspective, and explain the burial phenomenon through the lens of historical and humanist approaches to death and hunter-gatherers, on the basis of theoretical concepts of social memory, place, mortuary ritual practice, and historical processes. Human burials are investigated in terms of time and practice based on the application of three methods: radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis to define the chronological framework of the burial activity at each site and valley; stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen aimed at defining the burial populations by the identification of dietary choices; and archaeothanatology to reconstruct and define central practices in the treatment of the dead.This dissertation provides new perspectives on the role and relevance of the shell middens in the Tagus and Sado valleys. Hunter-gatherers frequenting these sites were bound by shared social practices, which included the formation and maintenance of burial grounds, as a primary means of history making. Death rituals played a central role in the life of these hunter-gatherers in developing a sense of community, as well as maintaining social ties in both life and death.
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