| 1. |
- Eiras, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone of the Brazilian apple leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
- 1999
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 54:7-8, s. 595-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The female sex pheromone of Bonagota (=Phthteochroa) cranaodes (Meyrick) is a blend of (E,Z)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate (E3,Z5-12:Ac) and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:Ac) according to analysis of pheromone - gland extracts and field trapping in apple orchards. This is the first time that E3,Z5-12:Ac has been identified as a lepidopteran sex pheromone. Traps baited with 100 mu g E3,Z5-12:Ac were attractive over 15 weeks in the field and were as effective as traps baited with virgin females. Addition of Z9-16:Ac to E3,Z5-12:Ac at ratio of 1:10 had a significantly increase of male moths. The addition of the Z,E and Z:Z isomers to rubber septa baited with E3,Z5-12:Ac did not modify B. cranaodes male attraction, but 10% of EE enhanced trap catch.
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| 2. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
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Essential oils of aromatic Egyptian plants repel nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari : Ixodidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Experimental & applied acarology. - : Springer. - 0168-8162 .- 1572-9702. ; 73:1, s. 139-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the role of Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) in the transmission of many serious pathogens, personal protection against bites of this tick is essential. In the present study the essential oils from 11 aromatic Egyptian plants were isolated and their repellent activity against I. ricinus nymphs was evaluated Three oils (i.e. Conyza dioscoridis L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso and Calendula officinalis L.) elicited high repellent activity in vitro of 94, 84.2 and 82%, respectively. The most active essential oil (C. dioscoridis) was applied in the field at a concentration of 6.5 A mu g/cm(2) and elicited a significant repellent activity against I. ricinus nymphs by 61.1%. The most repellent plants C. dioscoridis, C. officinalis and A. herba-alba yielded essential oils by 0.17, 0.11 and 0.14%, respectively. These oils were further investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. alpha-Cadinol (10.7%) and hexadecanoic acid (10.5%) were the major components of C. dioscoridis whereas in C. officinalis, alpha-cadinol (21.2%) and carvone (18.2%) were major components. Artemisia herba-alba contained piperitone (26.5%), ethyl cinnamate (9.5%), camphor (7.7%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.9%). Essential oils of these three plants have a potential to be used for personal protection against tick bites.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Manzano, Aránzazu, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing European capabilities for application of multi-omics studies in biology and biomedicine space research
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 26:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following on from the NASA twins’ study, there has been a tremendous interest in the use of omics techniques in spaceflight. Individual space agencies, NASA's GeneLab, JAXA's ibSLS, and the ESA-funded Space Omics Topical Team and the International Standards for Space Omics Processing (ISSOP) groups have established several initiatives to support this growth. Here, we present recommendations from the Space Omics Topical Team to promote standard application of space omics in Europe. We focus on four main themes: i) continued participation in and coordination with international omics endeavors, ii) strengthening of the European space omics infrastructure including workforce and facilities, iii) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in the commercial space sector, and iv) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in human subjects research.
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| 5. |
- McDade, Lucinda A., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic placement, delimitation, and relationships among genera of the enigmatic Nelsonioideae (Lamiales: Acanthaceae)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 61:3, s. 637-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We took a two-tiered approach to test monophyly of Nelsonioideae and place the group within Lamiales, and to determine relationships among taxa within the group. Phylogenetic analysis of a molecular dataset (ndhF+trnL-F) for a broad sample of Lamiales supports monophyly of Nelsonioideae and places the clade with strong support as sister to a lineage composed of all other plants treated as Acanthaceae (Avicennia, Thunbergioideae, Acanthoideae). We propose to treat this entire group as Acanthaceae s.l. and hypothesize that indurate, explosively dehiscent capsules are a synapomorphy for the family, albeit with autapomorphic fruit types in Avicennia and Mendoncia. These results further support monophyly of family-level groups that have emerged from recent studies of Lamiales but are largely unsuccessful in resolving relationships among these groups, as also encountered by other workers. Our results contradict some aspects of relationships that have seemed resolved by earlier studies, notably among Byblidaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Thomandersia, and other Lamiales. Among Nelsonioideae, analysis of sequence data from rapidly evolving genic regions (trnS-G, ndhF-rpl32+rpl32-trnL((UAG)), nrITS) and a larger sample of nelsonioids (i.e., all genera and multiple taxa to represent the diversity of species-rich genera) indicates that Nelsonia and Elytraria are monophyletic with strong support, but with only moderate support for Nelsonia as the first branching clade and Elytraria sister to the remaining nelsonioids. An African clade comprising monospecific Saintpauliopsis sister to Anisosepalum (two of three species sampled) is sister to a clade that includes all sampled members of pantropical Staurogyne plus New World Gynocraterium and Asian Ophiorrhiziphyllon. Gynocraterium is sister to all sampled members of New World Staurogyne; this last clade is sister to a clade comprising the other sampled Staurogyne plus Ophiorrhiziphyllon, which is nested among Asian Staurogyne. The taxonomic implications of these patterns of relationship are discussed. Our results suggest that Nelsonioideae have a complex history of inter-continental dispersals compared to other lineages of Acanthaceae of similar to much larger size in terms of number of species, making it an interesting group for biogeographic study.
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| 6. |
- McDade, Lucinda A, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic placement, delineation, and relationships among genera of the enigmatic Nelsonioideae (Lamiales: Acanthaceae)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We took a two-tiered approach to test monophyly of Nelsonioideae and place the group within Lamiales, and to determine relationships among taxa within the group. Phylogenetic analysis of a molecular data set (ndhF + trnLF) for a broad sample of Lamiales supports monophyly of Nelsonioideae and places the clade with strong support as sister to a lineage composed of all other plants treated as Acanthaceae (i.e., Avicennia, Thunbergioideae, Acanthoideae). We propose to treat this entire group as Acanthaceae s.l. and advance indurate, explosively dehiscent capsules as a synapomorphy for the family, albeit with autapomorphic fruit types in Avicennia and Mendoncia. These results further support monophyly of family level groups that have emerged from recent studies of Lamiales but are largely not successful in resolving relationships among these groups, as also encountered by other workers. In fact, our results contradict some aspects of relationships that have seemed resolved by earlier studies, notably among Byblidaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Thomandersia, and other Lamiales. Among Nelsonioideae, analysis of sequence data from more rapidly evolving genic regions (i.e., trnS-G, ndhF-rpl32 + rpl32-trnL(UAG), nrITS) and a larger sample of nelsonioids (i.e., all genera and multiple taxa to represent the diversity of species-rich genera) indicates that Nelsonia and Elytraria are monophyletic with strong support but with only moderate support for Nelsonia as the first branching clade and Elytraria sister to the remaining nelsonioids. An African clade comprising monospecific Saintpauliopsis sister to Anisosepalum (2 of 3 species sampled) is sister to a clade that includes all sampled members of pantropical Staurogyne plus New World Gynocraterium and Asian Ophiorrhiziphyllon. Gynocraterium is sister to all sampled members of New World Staurogyne; this last clade is sister to a clade comprising the other sampled Staurogyne plus Ophiorrhiziphyllon which is nested among Asian Staurogyne. The taxonomic implications of these patterns of relationship are discussed. Our results suggest that Nelsonioideae have a complex history of inter-continental dispersals compared to other acanth lineages of similar to much larger size in terms of number of species, making it an interesting group for biogeographic study.
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| 7. |
- Saliba-Gustafsson, Erika A., et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and facilitators to prudent antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections : A qualitative study with general practitioners in Malta
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Antibiotic resistance is a leading global public health concern and antibiotic use is a key driver. Effective interventions are needed to target key stakeholders, including general practitioners (GPs). In Malta, little is known about factors that influence GPs' antibiotic prescribing, making it challenging to implement targeted interventions. We therefore aimed to explore GPs' understanding of antibiotic use and resistance, and describe their perceived barriers and facilitators to prudent antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in Malta.Methods Face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews were held with a quota sample of 20 GPs in 2014. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and later analysed iteratively using manifest and latent content analysis. Findings were collated in a socioecological model to depict how GPs as individuals are embedded within larger social systems and contexts, and how each component within this system impacts their prescribing behaviour.Findings We found that GPs' antibiotic prescribing decisions are complex and impacted by numerous barriers and facilitators at the individual, interpersonal, organisational, community, and public policy level. Predominant factors found to impact GPs' antibiotic prescribing included not only intrinsic GP factors such as knowledge, awareness, experience, and misconceptions, but also several external factors. At the interpersonal level, GPs' perceived patient demand and behaviour to be a persistent issue that impacts their prescribing decisions. Similarly, some GPs found pressure from drug reps to be concerning despite being considered an important source of information. Organisational and public policy-level issues such as lack of access to relevant antibiotic prescribing guidelines and current antibiotic resistance data from the community, were also considered major barriers to appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Utilisation of diagnostic testing was found to be low and GPs' perceptions on the introduction of rapid point-of-care tests to support antibiotic prescription decisions, were mixed.Conclusion This study revealed the complexity of the antibiotic prescribing decision and the numerous barriers and facilitators that impact it, visualised through a socioecological model. Addressing GPs' antibiotic prescribing practices will require targeted and coordinated implementation activities at all levels to change behaviour and address misconceptions, whilst also improving the physical and social environment.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Borg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Expansion of spatial and host range of Puumala virus in Sweden : an increasing threat for humans?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 145:8, s. 1642-1648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hantaviruses are globally distributed and cause severe human disease. Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is the most common species in Northern Europe, and the only hantavirus confirmed to circulate in Sweden, restricted to the northern regions of the country. In this study, we aimed to further add to the natural ecology of PUUV in Sweden by investigating prevalence, and spatial and host species infection patterns. Specifically, we wanted to ascertain whether PUUV was present in the natural reservoir, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) further south than Dalälven river, in south-central Sweden, and whether PUUV can be detected in other rodent species in addition to the natural reservoir. In total, 559 animals were collected at Grimsö (59°43'N; 15°28'E), Sala (59°55'N; 16°36'E) and Bogesund (59°24'N; 18°14'E) in south-central Sweden between May 2013 and November 2014. PUUV ELISA-reactive antibodies were found both in 2013 (22/295) and in 2014 (18/264), and nine samples were confirmed as PUUV-specific by focus reduction neutralization test. Most of the PUUV-specific samples were from the natural host, the bank vole, but also from other rodent hosts, indicating viral spill-over. Finally, we showed that PUUV is present in more highly populated central Sweden.
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