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- Hagger, Martin S., et al.
(författare)
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A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect
- 2016
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 11:4, s. 546-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a meta-analysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories (k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control.
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- Keil, M, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the morphology on the electronic structure of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene thin films
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5647 .- 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 104:16, s. 3967-3975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrathin films of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), prepared in ultrahigh vacuum by sublimation and studied using a combination of atomic force microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy were interpreted with the help of results of quantum chemical calculations. The important role of the nature of the surface of the substrate as well as the effect of postdeposition annealing on the morphology and the subsequent electronic structure were studied. In particular, on the (0001) surfaces of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) or molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), there is a high degree of molecular order induced by the crystal structure of the substrate surface. When deposited at room temperature on HOPG, the molecules are epitaxially ordered, while crystals from the epitaxially ordered films nucleate and grow during heating. On oxidized silicon(001) or polycrystalline gold surfaces, only totally disordered molecular solid films are formed. The epitaxial films assume a layered structure and exhibit a graphite-like electronic structure. In particular, the relationship between electronic structure and topology is discussed. The results of these studies indicate methods for the preparation of the crystalline seeds to molecular wires.
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- Luisa Mearin, M, et al.
(författare)
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European multi-centre study on coeliac disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 18:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Coeliac disease (CD) is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but there is little information about whether this is true for clinically silent CD. Objective: To investigate the frequency of CD in two European populations; one with NHL and another derived from the general population. Methods: A prospective, multi-centre, case-control study in 10 European countries was conducted between May 1998 and April 2001. A total of 1446 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NHLaged over 18 years was collected. The control group consisted of a population of 9676 individuals who were screened for CD. The number of patients with a previous diagnosis of CD and those with silent CD detected by screening were determined in the two groups. Results: The patients with CD had a significantly increased risk of developing NHL [odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-4.9]. This risk was only present in patients with CD diagnosed clinically before the study (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4-7.9), but not in those with silent CD detected by screening (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6-2.7). Conclusion: Patients with CD have an increased risk of developing NHL, although this is lower than previously thought. Clinically silent CD is rare in patients with NHL.
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