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- Brenning, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Critical ionization velocity interaction in the CRIT I rocket experiment
- 1990
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177. ; 10, s. 63-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the rocket experiment CRIT I, launched from Wallops Island on 13 May 1986, two identical Barium shaped charges were fired from distances of 1.3 km and 3.6 km towards the main experiment payload, which was separated from a sub-payload by a couple of km along the magnetic field. The relevance of earlier proposed mechanisms for electron heating in ionospheric critical velocity experiments is investigated in the light of the CRIT I results. It is concluded that both the "homogeneous" and the "ionizing front" models can be applied, in different parts of the stream. It is also possible that a third, entirely different, mechanism may contribute to the electron heating. This mechanism involves direct energization of electrons in the magnetic-field-aligned component of the DC electric field. © 1989.
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| 2. |
- Brenning, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Electrodynamic interaction between the CRIT I ionized barium streams and the ambient ionosphere
- 1990
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177. ; 10, s. 67-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the CRIT I Critical Velocity experiment, launched from Wallops Island on 13 May, 1986, two fast barium streams were ejected by means of shaped charges. Their electrodynamic interaction with the ambient ionosphere is discussed. An outstanding feature of the DC electric field observed within the streams was a large magnetic-field-aligned component, persisting on the time scale of the passage of the streams. One interpretation of the DC electric field data is that the internal electric fields of the streams is not greatly modified by Birkeland currents, i.e. a state is established, where the transverse currents are to a first approximation divergence-free. It is argued that this interpretation can explain why a reversal of the strong explosion-directed electric field was observed in the first explosion but not in the second (more distant one). © 1989.
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| 3. |
- Brenning, Nils, et al.
(författare)
-
Interpretation of the Electric Fields Measured in an Ionospheric Critical Ionization Velocity Experiment
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 96, s. 9719-9733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the quasi-dc electric fields measured in the CRIT I ionospheric release experiment, which was launched from Wallops Island on May 13, 1986. The purpose of the experiment was to study the critical ionization velocity (CIV) mechanism in the ionosphere. Two identical barium shaped charges were fired from distances of 1.99 km and 4.34 km towards a main payload, which made full three-dimensional measurements of the electric field inside the streams. There was also a subpayload separated from the main payload by a couple of kilometers along the magnetic field. The relevance of earlier proposed mechanisms for electron heating in CIV is investigated in the light of the CRIT I results. It is concluded that both the “homogeneous” and the “ionizing front” models probably apply, but in different parts of the stream. It is also possible that electrons are directly accelerated by a magnetic-field-aligned component of the electric field; the quasi-dc electric field observed within the streams had a large magnetic-field-aligned component, persisting on the time scale of the passage of the streams. The coupling between the ambient ionosphere and the ionized barium stream in CRIT I was more complicated than is usually assumed in CIV theories, with strong magnetic-field-aligned electric fields and probably current limitation as important processes. One interpretation of the quasi-dc electric field data is that the internal electric fields of the streams were not greatly modified by magnetic-field-aligned currents, i.e., a state was established where the transverse currents were to a first approximation divergence-free. It is argued that this interpretation can explain both a reversal of the strong explosion-directed electric field in burst 1 and the absence of such a reversal in burst 2.
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