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- Brun, Arne
(författare)
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Recent discoveries widen the basis for future research in Alzheimer´s disease.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Scientiarum Lundensia. - 1651-5013. ; 2016:002, s. 1-12
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract. Intended as food for thought this revue offers a general orientation on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with comments on the brain changes and clinical features. But more importantly, it points out recent research findings which may offer new alleys for AD research pertinent to the etiology and pathogenesis of AD and alternatives to the so far rather unfruitful and costly amyloid research trail. This new knowledge thus comes from various fields of research such as epigenetics, pointing to possible environmental etiologic factors. Further exosomes may provide information on the state of the neuronal population for diagnostic purposes and might become useful as carriers of therapeutic substances. The newly disclosed protein complexity of the synapses may harbor a large yet unexplored field for neurochemical research pertinent to the early or likely initial loss of synapses in Alzheimer disease. The finding of a more generalized neuronal gene disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease shifts the focus from age related changes to developmental disturbances and increased neuronal vulnerability. BBB incompetence with a start in the hippocampus has also recently been pointed out and may initiate the degenerative process of Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, recent basic research findings on glial evolution, underscoring the distance between humans and rodents, our prime disease model animal, points to several new unexplored mechanisms, which may be relevant for the understanding of neurodegenerative processes. Also stressed is the need to institute treatment at an early stage of the disease, necessitating research for markers, which will enable a diagnosis way ahead of the widespread damage present at the time of clinical debut.
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- Capala, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical BNCT studies in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Research and development in neutron capture therapy. - : Monduzzi Editore Print. ; , s. 1101-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
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Non-thermal" Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Scientiarum Lundensia. - 1651-5013. ; 2012-006:006, s. 1-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effect of 915 MHz electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the blood brain-barrier (BBB) permeability has been studied in Fischer 344 rats of both sexes. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed in a Transverse Electromagnetic Transmission line chamber to microwaves of 915 MHz as continuous wave (CW) and pulse-modulated with different pulse power and at various time intervals. The CW-pulse power varied from 0.001W to 10 W and the exposure time from 2 min. to 960 min. In each experiment we randomly placed 4 rats in excited and 4 control rats in non-excited TEM-cells respectively. The rats were not anaesthetised during the exposure. The rats were exposed to 915 MHz microwaves, either continuous wave (CW) or pulse modulated at 4,8,16 or 217 Hz with 0.57 ms pulse width, or pulse modulated at 50 Hz with 6.6 ms pulse width as well as from a real GSM-900 telephone. All animals were sacrificed by perfusion-fixation of the brains under chloralhydrate anaesthesia after the exposure. The brains were then perfused, first with saline for 3-4 minutes, and then with 4% formaldehyde for 5-6 minutes. Whole coronal sections of the brains were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 μm. The degree of albumin leakage was demonstrated immune-histo-chemically and classified in order of increased number of albumin extravasations by a rank number: 0 - 0.5 - 1.0 - 1.5 - 2 - 3. Pathological albumin leakage was judged as albumin extravasations equal to or larger than 1. The frequency of pathological rats in all control groups was about 17%. Among rats exposed to pulse modulated microwaves the ratio of pathological rats was 170/481(0.35±0.03) and among rats exposed to continuous wave exposure (CW) it was 74/149 (0.50±0.07). These results are both highly significantly different to their corresponding controls (p<0.0001). The rats were exposed to SAR various values: 0.2; 2; (20-40); (100-500); (1000-3000) mW/kg. In the 217 Hz modulated group (GSM simulated) we found the most increased ratio of albumin extravasations OR= 4 at 0.2 mW/kg. But no significant increased ratio at SAR 2000 mW/kg. The response curve of OR versus log(SAR) had the shape of a bathtub, with a minimum at a100 mW/kg. A similar curve was recorded for OR versus Specific Absorbed Energy (SAE Joule / kg) with a minimum at 100 J/kg. Similar response curves were recorded for the various modulation frequencies 4; 8; 16; 50 Hz. We found no pronounced difference between the various modulation frequencies other than the effect of CW exposure seems to be more effective than pulse modulated exposure in opening the BBB at high SAR values 100-2000 mW/kg. Conclusion: The opening of the BBB is most effective at SAR values in the range of 0.1-0.5 mW.kg-1 and less effective in the range of 50-500 mW.kg-1. In this low SAR range thermal effects are unlikely. Thus there seems to be a non-thermal mechanism involved triggering the opening of the BBB.
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- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
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S-100 protein levels in the blood of Fischer rats exposed to 915 MHz CW-microwaves and magnetic fields.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Scientiarum Lundensia. - 1651-5013. ; 2020:005, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EnglishPersson, B. R. R., Nittby Redenbrant, H., Malmgren, L., Brun, A., and Salford, L. G. (2020). S-100 protein levels in the blood of Fischer rats exposed to 915 MHz CW-microwaves and magnetic fields. Acta Scientiarum Lundensia, Vol. 2020-005, pp. 1-9, ISSN 1651-5013Abstrakt.Syftet var att studera nivån av S-100 i blodprover som tagits från Fischer-344-råttor efter exponering för 915 MHz CW-mikrovågor och ELF-magnetfält i TEM-celler. Magnetfältsexponering ägde rum med TEM-cellen i ett Helmholtz-spolarrangemang med antingen 50 Hz sinusformat magnetfält på 5 µT eller inkoherent magnetfältbrus IMF med en maximal amplitud på 50 µT.Det verkar inte finnas någon signifikant förändring i S-100-koncentrationen i blod hos råttor som exponerats under 6 timmar för höga nivåer (4W) av kontinuerlig våg (CW) 915MHz mikrovågor, 50Hz sinusformade magnetfält (5µT) och osammanhängande magnetfält (IMF) vid 50µT. Däremot indikerar resultaten av den kombinerade exponeringen CW + IMF en minskad koncentration av S100 i blod.Minskningen överensstämmer med resultaten av en undersökning under 2010 att de extremt lågfrekventa (ELF) magnetfälten från fläktmotorn (50Hz AC, 0,3-1,5 T) minskade det förväntade BBB-läckaget av albumin på grund av mikrovågsexponering .Resultaten från andra studier indikerar också att bioeffekter orsakade av exponering för mikrovågor reduceras genom överläggning med extremt lågfrekventa magnetfält ELF. Det är därför av yttersta vikt när man undersöker bioeffekter från mikrovågor för att också kontrollera nivåer och frekvenser av lågfrekventa magnetfält i omgivningen, vilket kan vara en av anledningarna till den breda spridningen i de rapporterade resultaten.
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- Salford, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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GSM 900 MHz exposure of Transgenic GFAP-Mice: A study of histopathology, Tumour induction and BBB leakage
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Scientiarum Lundensia. - 1651-5013. ; 2012-003, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract. In previous work we have studied the effects of electromagnetic fields upon the promotion of growth of tumours from two different rat glioma cell lines, RG2 and N32, inoculated in the brains of Fischer 344 rats. No promotions of tumour growth due to the EMF could be demonstrated in large series of animals as compared to their matched controls. In the present study we have utilized a newly generated "knock-out" mouse model. By the use of gene targeting, Pekny et al. have created mice deficient for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an astrocyte-specific protein that forms intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton of astrocytes. The GFAP-deficient mice utilized by us develop spontaneous tumours, both lymphoblastic (non-Hodgkin) lymphomas and Anaplastic rapidly growing tumours diagnosed as malignant Swannomas. The test system consists of four TEM-cells. A GSM telephone is hooked up to a terminal program on a computer that controls the power and repetition of pulses. The rats were exposed for about 8 hours during 43 days for a total time of 1143 hours. In male GFAP-mice we found tumours in all 6 controls and in 4 out of 6 exposed. We found, however, no tumours in FM controls and in seven exposed FM mice we fund only 1 tumour. Microwave exposure revealed no significant effect on tumour evolution in the GFAP-mice. In the CBA-mice microwave exposure gave no significant results of BBB-leakage. But for the CBA-mice BBB-leakage after microwave exposure of CBA-mice was found probable at a 99% significance-level.
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