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Sökning: WFRF:(Bu Guojun) > Medicin och hälsovetenskap

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1.
  • Nielsen, Henrietta M., et al. (författare)
  • Peripheral apoE isoform levels in cognitively normal APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 4 individuals are associated with regional gray matter volume and cerebral glucose metabolism
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundCarriers of the APOE epsilon 4 allele are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and have been shown to have reduced cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRgl) in the same brain areas frequently affected in AD. These individuals also exhibit reduced plasma levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) attributed to a specific decrease in the apoE4 isoform as determined by quantification of individual apoE isoforms in APOE epsilon 4 heterozygotes. Whether low plasma apoE levels are associated with structural and functional brain measurements and cognitive performance remains to be investigated.MethodsUsing quantitative mass spectrometry we quantified the plasma levels of total apoE and the individual apoE3 and apoE4 isoforms in 128 cognitively normal APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 4 individuals included in the Arizona APOE cohort. All included individuals had undergone extensive neuropsychological testing and 25 had in addition undergone FDG-PET and MRI to determine CMRgl and regional gray matter volume (GMV).ResultsOur results demonstrated higher apoE4 levels in females versus males and an age-dependent increase in the apoE3 isoform levels in females only. Importantly, a higher relative ratio of apoE4 over apoE3 was associated with GMV loss in the right posterior cingulate and with reduced CMRgl bilaterally in the anterior cingulate and in the right hippocampal area. Additional exploratory analysis revealed several negative associations between total plasma apoE, individual apoE isoform levels, GMV and CMRgl predominantly in the frontal, occipital and temporal areas. Finally, our results indicated only weak associations between apoE plasma levels and cognitive performance which further appear to be affected by sex.ConclusionsOur study proposes a sex-dependent and age-dependent variation in plasma apoE isoform levels and concludes that peripheral apoE levels are associated with GMV, CMRgl and possibly cognitive performance in cognitively healthy individuals with a genetic predisposition to AD.
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2.
  • Twohig, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • The relevance of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein levels to sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Acta neuropathologica communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accumulating evidence demonstrating higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -synuclein (Syn) levels and Syn pathology in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suggests that Syn is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. To investigate whether Syn could be related to specific aspects of the pathophysiology present in both sporadic and familial disease, we quantified CSF levels of Syn and assessed links to various disease parameters in a longitudinally followed cohort (n=136) including patients with sporadic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, and in a cross-sectional sample from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (n=142) including participants carrying autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) gene mutations and their non-mutation carrying family members.Our results show that sporadic MCI patients that developed AD over a period of two years exhibited higher baseline Syn levels (p=0.03), which inversely correlated to their Mini-Mental State Examination scores, compared to cognitively normal controls (p=0.02). In the same patients, there was a dose-dependent positive association between CSF Syn and the APOE epsilon 4 allele. Further, CSF Syn levels were higher in symptomatic ADAD mutation carriers versus non-mutation carriers (p=0.03), and positively correlated to the estimated years from symptom onset (p=0.05) across all mutation carriers. In asymptomatic (Clinical Dementia Rating<0.5) PET amyloid-positive ADAD mutation carriers CSF Syn was positively correlated to C-11-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) retention in several brain regions including the posterior cingulate, superior temporal and frontal cortical areas. Importantly, APOE epsilon 4-positive ADAD mutation carriers exhibited an association between CSF Syn levels and mean cortical PiB retention (p=0.032). In both the sporadic AD and ADAD cohorts we found several associations predominantly between CSF levels of Syn, tau and amyloid-(1-40).Our results suggest that higher CSF Syn levels are linked to AD pathophysiology at the early stages of disease development and to the onset of cognitive symptoms in both sporadic and autosomal dominant AD. We conclude that APOE epsilon 4 may promote the processes driven by Syn, which in turn may reflect on molecular mechanisms linked to the asymptomatic build-up of amyloid plaque burden in brain regions involved in the early stages of AD development.
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3.
  • Giannisis,, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Brain integrity is altered by hepatic APOEε4 in humanized-liver mice
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Liver-generated plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) does not enter the brain but nonetheless correlates with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and AD biomarker levels. Carriers of APOEε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, exhibit lower plasma apoE and altered brain integrity already at mid-life versus non-APOEε4 carriers. Whether altered plasma liver-derived apoE or specifically an APOEε4 liver phenotype promotes brain injury and neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we investigated the brains of Fah-/-, Rag2-/-, Il2rg-/- mice on the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) background (FRGN) with humanized-livers of an AD risk-associated APOE ε4/ε4 versus an APOE ε2/ε3 genotype. Reduced endogenous mouse apoE levels in the brains of APOE ε4/ε4 liver mice were accompanied by various changes in markers of synaptic integrity, neuroinflammation, and insulin signaling. Plasma apoE4 levels were associated with unfavorable changes in several of the assessed markers. These results propose a previously unexplored role of the liver in the APOEε4-associated risk neurodegenerative diseases.
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4.
  • Giannisis, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Brain integrity is altered by hepatic APOE ε4 in humanized-liver mice
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 27:8, s. 3533-3543
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liver-generated plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) does not enter the brain but nonetheless correlates with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and AD biomarker levels. Carriers of APOEε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, exhibit lower plasma apoE and altered brain integrity already at mid-life versus non-APOEε4 carriers. Whether altered plasma liver-derived apoE or specifically an APOEε4 liver phenotype promotes neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we investigated the brains of Fah−/−, Rag2−/−, Il2rg−/− mice on the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) background (FRGN) with humanized-livers of an AD risk-associated APOE ε4/ε4 versus an APOE ε2/ε3 genotype. Reduced endogenous mouse apoE levels in the brains of APOE ε4/ε4 liver mice were accompanied by various changes in markers of synaptic integrity, neuroinflammation and insulin signaling. Plasma apoE4 levels were associated with unfavorable changes in several of the assessed markers. These results propose a previously unexplored role of the liver in the APOEε4-associated risk of neurodegenerative disease.
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5.
  • Martinez-Morillo, Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Total apolipoprotein E levels and specific isoform composition in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from Alzheimer's disease patients and controls
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0533 .- 0001-6322. ; 127:5, s. 633-643
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 allele is the strongest risk factor of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the fluid concentrations of ApoE and its different isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4) in AD patients and among APOE genotypes (APOE epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4) remain controversial. Using a novel mass spectrometry-based method, we quantified total ApoE and specific ApoE isoform concentrations and potential associations with age, cognitive status, cholesterol levels and established AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients versus non-AD individuals with different APOE genotypes. We also investigated plasma total ApoE and ApoE isoform composition in a subset of these individuals. In total n = 43 AD and n = 43 non-AD subjects were included. We found that CSF and plasma total ApoE levels did not correlate with age or cognitive status and did not differ between AD and non-AD subjects deeming ApoE as an unfit diagnostic marker for AD. Also, whereas CSF ApoE levels did not vary between APOE genotypes APOE epsilon 4 carriers exhibited significantly decreased plasma ApoE levels attributed to a specific decrease in the ApoE4 isoform concentrations. CSF total ApoE concentrations were positively associated with CSF, total tau, tau phosphorylated at Thr181 and A beta 1-42 of which the latter association was weaker and only present in APOE epsilon 4 carriers indicating a differential involvement of ApoE in tau versus A beta-linked neuropathological processes. Future studies need to elucidate whether the observed plasma ApoE4 deficiency is a life-long condition in APOE E > 4 carriers and whether this decrease in plasma ApoE predisposes APOE E > 4 carriers to AD.
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6.
  • Ogaki, Kotaro, et al. (författare)
  • Multiple system atrophy and apolipoprotein E
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 33:4, s. 647-650
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Dysregulation of the specialized lipid metabolism involved in myelin synthesis and maintenance by oligodendrocytes has been associated with the unique neuropathology of MSA. We hypothesized that apolipoprotein E, which is associated with neurodegeneration, may also play a role in the pathogenesis of MSA. Objective: This study evaluated genetic associations of Apolipoprotein E alleles with risk of MSA and -synuclein pathology, and also examined whether apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially affect -synuclein uptake in a oligodendrocyte cell.Methods: One hundred sixty-eight pathologically confirmed MSA patients, 89 clinically diagnosed MSA patients, and 1,277 control subjects were genotyped for Apolipoprotein E. Human oligodendrocyte cell lines were incubated with -synuclein and recombinant human apolipoprotein E, with internalized -synuclein imaged by confocal microscopy and cells analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: No significant association with risk of MSA or was observed for either Apolipoprotein E 2 or 4. -Synuclein burden was also not associated with Apolipoprotein E alleles in the pathologically confirmed patients. Interestingly, in our cell assays, apolipoprotein E 4 significantly reduced -synuclein uptake in the oligodendrocytic cell line.Conclusions: Despite differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on -synuclein uptake in a human oligodendrocytic cell, we did not observe a significant association at the Apolipoprotein E locus with risk of MSA or -synuclein pathology.
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7.
  • Prudencio, Mercedes, et al. (författare)
  • Toward allele-specific targeting therapy and pharmacodynamic marker for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 12:566
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 gene (ATXN3), is characterized by neuronal polyglutamine (polyQ) ATXN3 protein aggregates. Although there is no cure for SCA3, gene-silencing approaches to reduce toxic polyQ ATXN3 showed promise in preclinical models. However, a major limitation in translating putative treatments for this rare disease to the clinic is the lack of pharmacodynamic markers for use in clinical trials. Here, we developed an immunoassay that readily detects polyQ ATXN3 proteins in human biological fluids and discriminates patients with SCA3 from healthy controls and individuals with other ataxias. We show that polyQ ATXN3 serves as a marker of target engagement in human fibroblasts, which may bode well for its use in clinical trials. Last, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that strongly associates with the expanded allele, thus providing an exciting drug target to abrogate detrimental events initiated by mutant ATXN3. Gene-silencing strategies for several repeat diseases are well under way, and our results are expected to improve clinical trial preparedness for SCA3 therapies.
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8.
  • Twohig, Daniel, 1976-, et al. (författare)
  • Molecular interactions between α-synuclein and apolipoprotein E isoforms
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a strong genetic risk factor for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Recent studies have shown that apoE4 promotes α-synuclein[J1] [DT2]  pathology and that α-synuclein can be found in apoE-containing lipoprotein particles in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To elucidate potential interactions between apoE isoforms and α-synuclein, we examined molecular interaction with microscale thermophoresis (MST), and assessed whether uptake of α-synuclein by cultured Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) neuronal progenitor cells can be modulated by apoE. We found that the dissociation constants (Kd) for apoE isoform interactions with α-synuclein ranged between 1.8 – 4.2 μM and did not differ between the apoE isoforms. Co-incubation of α-synuclein and recombinant apoE isoforms resulted in the generation of a pool of high molecular weight α-synuclein species and a reduction in α-synuclein monomers and dimers with apoE2 significantly reduced the amounts of a specific 55-kDa α-synuclein band. In turn, α-synuclein increased the levels of multimeric and high molecular weight apoE2 species, but decreased levels of apoE3 (but not apoE4) multimers by effectively stabilizing the apoE3 monomer pool in an opposite manner. Further, recombinant apoE isoforms reduced α-synuclein cellular uptake to a similar extent by approximately 20% whereas astrocyte-secreted apoE reduced cellular uptake in an apoE isoform-dependent manner (apoE2 ≤ apoE3 < apoE4). Our results demonstrate molecular interactions between apoE and α-synuclein that may result in altered cellular uptake of the latter, proposing apoE as a modulator of the extracellular pool of α-synuclein. 
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