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- Song, Ruixue, et al.
(author)
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Associations Between Cardiovascular Risk, Structural Brain Changes, and Cognitive Decline
- 2020
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In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 75:20, s. 2525-2534
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND The impact of cardiovascular risk burden on cognitive trajectories and brain structure changes remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine whether cardiovascular risk burden assessed by the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) is associated with cognitive decline and structural brain differences. METHODS Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,588 dementia-free participants (mean age: 79.5 years) were followed for up to 21 years. FGCRS was assessed at baseline and categorized into tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). Episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed were assessed annually with a battery of 19 tests, from which composite scores were derived. A subsample (n = 378) of participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Structural total and regional brain volumes were estimated. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and linear regression models. RESULTS In all participants, FGCRS ranged from 4 to 28 (mean score: 15.6 +/- 3.7). Compared with the lowest tertile of FGCRS, the highest tertile was associated with faster decline in global cognition (beta = -0.019; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.035 to -0.003), episodic memory (beta = -0.023; 95% CI: -0.041 to -0.004), working memory (beta = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.035 to -0.007), and perceptual speed (beta = -0.027; 95% CI: -0.042 to -0.011) over the follow-up. In magnetic resonance imaging data analyses, higher FGCRS was related to smaller volumes of the hippocampus (beta = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.042 to -0.000), gray matter (beta = -1.569; 95% CI: -2.757 to -0.382), and total brain (beta = -1.588; 95% CI: -2.832 to -0.344), and greater volume of white matter hyperintensities (beta = 0.035; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.069). CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiovascular risk burden may predict decline in episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed and is associated with neurodegeneration and vascular lesions in the brain.
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| 2. |
- Song, Ruixue, et al.
(author)
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Association of cardiovascular risk burden with risk of dementia and brain pathologies : A population-based cohort study
- 2021
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In: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 17:12, s. 1914-1922
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction The impact of cardiovascular risk burden on brain pathologies remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) with dementia risk, and brain pathologies. Methods Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1588 dementia-free participants were assessed on FGCRS at baseline and followed up to 21 years. During the follow-up, 621 participants died and underwent autopsies. Results The multi-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of FGCRS were 1.03 (1.00-1.07) for dementia and 1.04 (1.01-1.07) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Further, a higher FGCRS was associated with higher gross chronic cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), cerebral atherosclerosis (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17), and global AD pathology (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). Conclusions A higher FGCRS is associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD dementia. Both vascular and AD pathologies in the brain may underlie this association.
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