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- Marcusson-Clavertz, David, et al.
(author)
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Online validation of combined mood induction procedures
- 2019
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Film clips, music, and self-referential statements (termed Velten, after their originator) have been successfully used to temporarily induce sadness and happiness. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of these procedures combined, particularly in internet-based settings, and whether Velten statements contribute to alter mood beyond the effect of simple instructions to close one's eyes and enter the targeted mood. In Study 1 (N = 106) we examined the effectiveness 80 Velten statements (positive, negative, neutral-self, neutral-facts) to create brief and effective sets that might be used in future research. In Study 2 (N = 445) we examined the effect size of 8-min combined mood induction procedures, which presented video clips in the first half and music excerpts with Velten statements or closed eyes instructions in the second half. Participants answered questionnaires on social desirability, joviality, and sadness before being randomly assigned to 1 of 7 groups varying in Valence (positive, negative, neutral) and Velten (closed eyes control, self-referential Velten, and, in the case of neutral condition, factual statements). Subsequently, participants completed the joviality and sadness scales a second time. Compared to the neutral conditions, the positive mood inductions increased joviality (Hedges G = 1.35, 95% CI [1.07, 1.63]), whereas the negative mood inductions increased sadness (Hedges G = 1.28, 95% CI [1.01, 1.55]). We did not observe any significant difference between Velten and closed eyes instructions in inducing joviality or sadness, nor did we observe any significant difference between neutral Velten statements referring to self and facts. Although social desirability bias was associated with reports of greater joviality and lower sadness, it could not account for the effects of the positive and negative mood induction procedures. We conclude that these combined mood induction procedures can be used in online research to study happy and sad mood.
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| 2. |
- Marcusson-Clavertz, David, et al.
(author)
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Sad mood and poor sleep are related to task-unrelated thoughts and experience of diminished cognitive control
- 2020
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have indicated that a sad mood and sleep deprivation increase mind wandering, but it is unclear whether these associations reflect reduced effort in concentrating on the task at hand or diminished cognitive control. In an internet-based experiment, participants completed a sleep disturbance questionnaire followed by a complex span task and a 2-back task with thought-sampling probes. Subsequently, participants underwent a positive, neutral, or negative mood induction prior to repeating the 2-back. The results (N=504) replicated the finding of increased task-unrelated thoughts following sad mood induction, B=0.56 (SE=0.14), p<0.01, d=0.31. Unguided thoughts were increased following sad mood induction, B=0.31 (0.13), p=0.02, but working memory did not significantly moderate this association (p=0.31). People reported a lower degree of trying to concentrate on the 2-back after the sad mood induction, B=-0.07 (0.04), p=0.04, but actual performance was not affected (p=0.46). Sleep disturbances showed small associations with task-unrelated, B=0.23 (0.08), p<0.01, and unguided thoughts, B=0.32 (0.08), p<0.01. This study strengthens the evidence that a sad mood and poor sleep relate to mind wandering.
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