| 1. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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C-L Database (Dissociative Disorders)
- 1993
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Ingår i: General Hospital Psychiatry. - 0163-8343. ; 15 (Supplement):6, s. 37-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Disorders of extreme stress.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Handbook of Psychology, Clinical Psychology. 2d edition. - 9780470917992 ; , s. 497-548
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area Earthquake of 1989
- 1993
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 150:3, s. 474-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study systematically evaluated the psychological reactions of a non-clinical population to the October 1989 Bay Area earthquake. Within a week of the earthquake, a checklist of anxiety and dissociative symptoms was administered to a representative sample of approximately 100 graduate students and faculty members from two different institutions in the Bay Area. A follow-up study was conducted 4 months afterwards. Analyses of variance for time of testing showed that during or shortly after the earthquake respondents experienced significantly greater number and frequency of time distortions, alterations in cognition, memory and somatic sensation, derealization, depersonalization, and, to a lesser degree, anxiety symptoms and Schneiderian first-rank symptoms. These results suggest that among non-clinical populations extreme distress significantly increases the prevalence not only of anxiety but of transient dissociative phenomena as well, a fact of considerable clinical and theoretical import particularly considering the lifetime prevalence of traumatic experiences among the general population.
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| 5. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Hypnosis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Effective treatments for PTSD : practical guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. ; , s. 427-457
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Letter to the editor.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Monitor on Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1529-4978. ; 44:4, s. 456-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ): : A valid and reliable measure of acute stress
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - 0894-9867. ; 13:4, s. 719-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reliable and valid measure is needed for assessing the psychological symptoms experienced in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Previous research suggests that trauma victims typically experience dissociative, anxiety and other symptoms, during or shortly after a traumatic event. Although some of these symptoms may protect the trauma victim from pain, they may also lead to acute stress, posttraumatic stress, or other disorders. The Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) was developed to evaluate anxiety and dissociation symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, following DSM-IV criteria for acute stress disorder. We present data from multiple datasets and analyses supporting the reliability and construct, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the SASRQ.
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| 8. |
- Dalenberg, Constance J., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Evidence for the Trauma and Fantasy Models of Dissociation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychological Bulletin. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1939-1455 .- 0033-2909. ; 138:3, s. 550-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between a reported history of trauma and dissociative symptoms has been explained in 2 conflicting ways. Pathological dissociation has been conceptualized as a response to antecedent traumatic stress and/or severe psychological adversity. Others have proposed that dissociation makes individuals prone to fantasy, thereby engendering confabulated memories of trauma. We examine data related to a series of 8 contrasting predictions based on the trauma model and the fantasy model of dissociation. In keeping with the trauma model, the relationship between trauma and dissociation was consistent and moderate in strength, and remained significant when objective measures of trauma were used. Dissociation was temporally related to trauma and trauma treatment, and was predictive of trauma history when fantasy proneness was controlled. Dissociation was not reliably associated with suggestibility, nor was there evidence for the fantasy model prediction of greater inaccuracy of recovered memory. Instead, dissociation was positively related to a history of trauma memory recovery and negatively related to the more general measures of narrative cohesion. Research also supports the trauma theory of dissociation as a regulatory response to fear or other extreme emotion with measurable biological correlates. We conclude, on the basis of evidence related to these 8 predictions, that there is strong empirical support for the hypothesis that trauma causes dissociation, and that dissociation remains related to trauma history when fantasy proneness is controlled. We find little support for the hypothesis that the dissociation trauma relationship is due to fantasy proneness or confabulated memories of trauma.
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| 9. |
- Dalenberg, Constance J, et al.
(författare)
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Reality versus fantasy: Reply to Lynn et al. (2014).
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychological Bulletin. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1939-1455 .- 0033-2909. ; 140:3, s. 911-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We respond to Lynn et al.'s (2014) comments on our review (Dalenberg et al., 2012) demonstrating the superiority of the trauma model (TM) over the fantasy model (FM) in explaining the trauma-dissociation relationship. Lynn et al. conceded that our meta-analytic results support the TM hypothesis that trauma exposure is a causal risk factor for the development of dissociation. Although Lynn et al. suggested that our meta-analyses were selective, we respond that each omitted study failed to meet inclusion criteria; our meta-analyses thus reflect a balanced view of the predominant trauma-dissociation findings. In contrast, Lynn et al. were hypercritical of studies that supported the TM while ignoring methodological problems in studies presented as supportive of the FM. We clarify Lynn et al.'s misunderstandings of the TM and demonstrate consistent superiority in prediction of time course of dissociative symptoms, response to psychotherapy of dissociative patients, and pattern of relationships of trauma to dissociation. We defend our decision not to include studies using the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Comparison, a rarely used revision of the Dissociative Experiences Scale that shares less than 10% of the variance with the original scale. We highlight several areas of agreement: (a) Trauma plays a complex role in dissociation, involving indirect and direct paths; (b) dissociation-suggestibility relationships are small; and (c) controls and measurement issues should be addressed in future suggestibility and dissociation research. Considering the lack of evidence that dissociative individuals simply fantasize trauma, future researchers should examine more complex models of trauma and valid measures of dissociation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
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| 10. |
- spiegel, david, et al.
(författare)
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Comments on Hypnotizability and Dissociation
- 1991
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 148, s. 813-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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