| 1. |
- Andersson, Evelyn, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Polymorphisms in Monoamine Systems and Outcome of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe role of genetics for predicting the response to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) has only been studied in one previous investigation. The serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met, and the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) G-703Tpolymorphisms are implicated in the regulation of amygdala reactivity and fear extinction and therefore might be of relevance for CBT outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate if these three gene variants predicted response to CBT in a large sample of SAD patients.MethodParticipants were recruited from two separate randomized controlled CBT trials (trial 1: n = 112, trial 2: n = 202). Genotyping were performed on DNA extracted from blood or saliva samples. Effects were analyzed at follow-up (6 or 12 months after treatment) for both groups and for each group separately at post-treatment. The main outcome measure was the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Self-Report.ResultsAt long-term follow-up, there was no effect of any genotype, or gene × gene interactions, on treatment response. In the subsamples, there was time by genotype interaction effects indicating an influence of the TPH2 G-703T-polymorphism on CBT short-term response, however the direction of the effect was not consistent across trials.ConclusionsNone of the three gene variants, 5-HTTLPR, COMTval158met and TPH2 G-703T, was associated with long-term response to CBT for SAD.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive bias via the Internet : A comparison of web-based and standard emotional Stroop tasks in social phobia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 35:1, s. 55-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is accumulating evidence to suggest that social phobia is associated with attentional bias for words related to social threat. Information processing in individuals with social phobia (n = 87) was investigated in the present study using 2 versions of the emotional Stroop task. Results from a standard emotional Stroop task indicated delayed colour naming of socially threatening words relative to neutral words, in line with previous research, whereas results from a Web-based emotional Stroop task indicated a facilitation effect, with faster manual indication of colour choice for socially threatening words than for neutral words. Possible explanations for these contrasting findings and issues for further research are discussed. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Stroop facilitation in tinnitus patients: an experiment conducted via the world wide web
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cyberpsychology and behavior. ; 8:1, s. 32-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive mechanisms have been proposed to play an important role in tinnitus. In the present study, tinnitus participants were administered an emotional Stroop test via the Internet, incorporating words related to tinnitus concerns. In line with previous research using this Web-based version of the emotional Stroop test, faster colour naming was demonstrated for concern-relevant words relative to neutral words. The present results thus provided supported for a role of cognitive factors that are important for the understanding of tinnitus. However, future research is warranted in order to clarify the precise mechanisms involved in tinnitus-related Stroop effects.
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| 4. |
- Elling, Devy Lysandra, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of Combining Organizational Alcohol Policy and Skills Training for Managers to Reduce Hazardous Alcohol Consumption in Swedish Workplaces : Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High alcohol consumption poses risks to individual health and society. Previous alcohol interventions have mainly focused on high-risk consumers or young adults in school-based settings. Since the majority of the adult population is in the workforce, the workplace can be considered a favorable arena for implementing interventions.Objective: This protocol describes a project aimed at increasing knowledge of the effectiveness of combining the implementation of an organizational alcohol policy with skills training for managers as a workplace alcohol prevention program, by evaluating the intervention and exploring managers’ perceptions of the intervention.Methods: Organizations with at least 100 employees were invited to take part in the project. A total of 11 organizations (744 managers and 11,761 employees) were included in the project. Data are collected through self-administered online surveys at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. The primary outcome is managers’ inclination to initiate an early alcohol intervention (eg, by initiating a dialogue) when concern regarding employees’ hazardous alcohol consumption arises. The secondary outcomes of interest are managers’ and employees’ organizational alcohol policy knowledge and changes in alcohol consumption, as measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score. A linear mixed-model framework will be used to model variability on different levels. Primary analysis will follow an intention-to-treat approach. Additionally, managers’ responses from semistructured interviews will be analyzed using thematic analysis to explore managers’ experiences regarding the prevention program.Results: This study is ongoing. The overall study start was on January 2018, and the study is planned to end in December 2020. Baseline and 12-month follow-up measurements have been collected.Conclusions: This project is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an alcohol prevention program regarding higher inclination to initiate early alcohol interventions after policy implementation and skills training among managers, compared to the usual practices in the workplace. The results from this study can contribute to increased knowledge about alcohol interventions and future prevention programs in the workplace.Trial Registration: ISRCTN17250048; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17250048International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/17145
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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GamTest : Psychometric Evaluation and the Role of Emotions in an Online Self-Test for Gambling Behavior
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 33:2, s. 505-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent increases in the number of online gambling sites have made gambling more available, which may contribute to an increase in gambling problems. At the same time, online gambling provides opportunities to introduce measures intended to prevent problem gambling. GamTest is an online test of gambling behavior that provides information that can be used to give players individualized feedback and recommendations for action. The aim of this study is to explore the dimensionality of GamTest and validate it against the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and the gambler's own perceived problems. A recent psychometric approach, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) is used. Well-defined constructs are identified in a two-step procedure fitting a traditional exploratory factor analysis model as well as a so-called bifactor model. Using data collected at four Nordic gambling sites in the autumn of 2009 (n = 10,402), the GamTest ESEM analyses indicate high correspondence with the players' own understanding of their problems and with the PGSI, a validated measure of problem gambling. We conclude that GamTest captures five dimensions of problematic gambling (i.e., overconsumption of money and time, and monetary, social and emotional negative consequences) with high reliability, and that the bifactor approach, composed of a general factor and specific residual factors, reproduces all these factors except one, the negative consequences emotional factor, which contributes to the dominant part of the general factor. The results underscore the importance of tailoring feedback and support to online gamblers with a particular focus on how to handle emotions in relation to their gambling behavior.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching Out to Big Losers : How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 37, s. 387-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telephone and letter-based motivational interventions with high expenditure gamblers have significant short and long term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This report examines how different subtypes of gamblers, based upon patterns of play, are differentially affected. A randomized controlled trial design with three conditions (n = 1003 in each): feedback intervention by letter, telephone or a no-contact control condition. Subtypes of gamblers were derived by latent class analyses (LCA) based upon gambling behavior pre intervention. The participants were customers of Norsk Tipping gambling platforms. 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age, and net losses. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping customer database. The LCA identified six subtypes: High Casino, High Sport, High Lottery, High Video lottery terminal (VLT), Lottery/Mix and Bingo/Casino. There were almost no differences in change in TL between the six subtypes of gamblers receiving the letter or telefone interventions respectively. However, the choice of contact by letter or telephone did have different effects for the different gambling subtypes. Sending a letter seems like a cost effective alternative to telephone contact for the High Lottery type, but telephone contact performs better for High Casino, High Sport and High VLT customers. Responsible gambling interventions can be improved by subtyping of gamblers.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching Out to Big Losers : Exploring Intervention Effects Using Individualized Follow-Up
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 37:7, s. 886-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous research suggests that a brief duty-of-care telephone call to high expenditure customers was associated with lower gambling over the subsequent year. The current aim was to assess effects on individual trajectories rather than overall group effects reported previously. The objective was to identify different patterns of individual change over the follow-up year and explore differential responses of subgroups of individuals. Method: A matched pair design contrasting the outcome for telephone intervention with a no-intervention control condition. Five hundred and ninety-six statistical pairs randomly drawn from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure at Norsk Tipping, Norway. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping gambling data warehouse. Player trajectories across time were identified using growth mixture modeling to assess differential intervention effects on homogenous subgroups of individuals. Results: Relatively low, medium, and high TL subgroups were identified. The telephone intervention was associated with greater reductions than the control condition for all three subgroups but showed the strongest effect for the subgroup with the highest TL. The intervention was most effective for casino and sport gamblers, male, young, and middle-aged. Conclusions: A brief duty of care telephone contact with high expenditure customers showed sustained effects over 12 months, in particular for individuals showing the highest level of TL. Examining trajectories using advanced statistical models identified customer characteristics most strongly associated with reduced TL. These findings can guide prevention strategies with evidence-based knowledge about differential effects.Public Health Significance StatementA brief contact intervention with high expenditure customers showed sustained positive effects, in particular for individuals showing the highest level of expenditure. Findings about differential effects for individuals with specific profiles can guide evidence-based knowledge prevention strategies to provide duty of care for gambling customers.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching Out to Big Losers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Motivational Contact Providing Gambling Expenditure Feedback
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 33:3, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gambling disorder is a public health issue in many countries, and expectations that the gambling industry protects individuals from harm are increasing. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of providing personalized feedback on gambling intensity among high consumers of venue-based and online gambling in Norway. A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate how behavioral feedback by telephone or letters sent via surface mail affects subsequent gambling expenditure and use of responsible gambling tools and whether a follow-up contact increases the effect. Gambling expenditure, the primary outcome, was measured using theoretical loss, which is the actual cost to the player, adjusted for the house advantage. From the top .5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, a sample of 1,003 statistical triplets, matched on sex, age, and net losses, were randomly assigned to the feedback intervention by telephone, letter, or a no-contact control condition. Participants assigned to the phone call or letter were also randomly assigned to receive or not receive a subsequent follow-up contact. The results showed that over 12 weeks, theoretical loss decreased 29% for the phone and 15% for the letter conditions, compared with 3% for the control group. A positive effect of the follow-up contact was limited to participants who at the initial call indicated an interest in receiving a follow-up call. Contacting high consumers about their gambling expenditure appears to be an effective method for gambling companies to meet their duty to care for customers.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching out to big losers leads to sustained reductions in gambling over 1 year: a randomized controlled trial of brief motivational contact
- 2020
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 115:8, s. 1522-1531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims A previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that telephone- and letter-based motivational interventions with high-expenditure gamblers had significant short-term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This post-trial follow-up examined outcomes in gambling expenditure over 12 months. Design Observational study following a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Setting Customers of Norsk Tipping (NT) gambling platforms, Norway. Participants A total of 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age and net losses. Mean age was 53.4 years; 19% were women, mean yearly loss for 2016 was 88 197 NoK. Interventions and comparator Feedback intervention by telephone, letter or a no-contact control condition. Measurements Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss, derived from the NT customer database. Secondary outcomes were responsible gambling customer actions and whether or not the participant was retained as an NT customer. Findings Per-protocol analyses of triplets who received the telephone call or letter as randomly assigned (n = 596) showed a positive and sustained effect over 12 months: the telephone group showed a 30% reduction in theoretical loss (d = 0.44) and the letter group 13% (d = 0.18), both outperforming the control group with a 7% reduction (d = 0.11). The telephone condition was superior to both the letter and control conditions in per-protocol (P < 0.001) and to control condition in intention-to-treat analyses (ITT) (P < 0.001). Individuals in the telephone condition took more responsible gambling actions. The letter condition had better outcomes than the control in the ITT-only analysis (P < 0.001). More than 93% were still customers a year after the intervention. Conclusions Personal contact with high-expenditure gambling customers in Norway that provided individualized feedback on expenditures was associated with reduced theoretical losses and greater use of responsible gambling tools over a 12-month period, compared with no contact. Telephone intervention with customers had a larger impact than a mailed letter.
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| 10. |
- Karyotaki, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? : An individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 63, s. 80-92
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about clinically relevant changes in guided Internet-based interventions for depression. Moreover, methodological and power limitations preclude the identification of patients' groups that may benefit more from these interventions. This study aimed to investigate response rates, remission rates, and their moderators in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of guided Internet-based interventions for adult depression to control groups using an individual patient data meta-analysis approach. Literature searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library resulted in 13,384 abstracts from database inception to January 1, 2016. Twenty-four RCTs (4889 participants) comparing a guided Internet-based intervention with a control group contributed data to the analysis. Missing data were multiply imputed. To examine treatment outcome on response and remission, mixed-effects models with participants nested within studies were used. Response and remission rates were calculated using the Reliable Change Index. The intervention group obtained significantly higher response rates (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 2.17-2.85) and remission rates compared to controls (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 2.07-2.79). The moderator analysis indicated that older participants (OR = 1.01) and native-born participants (1.66) were more likely to respond to treatment compared to younger participants and ethnic minorities respectively. Age (OR = 1.01) and ethnicity (1.73) also moderated the effects of treatment on remission.Moreover, adults with more severe depressive symptoms at baseline were more likely to remit after receiving intemet-based treatment (OR = 1.19). Guided Internet-based interventions lead to substantial positive treatment effects on treatment response and remission at post-treatment. Thus, such interventions may complement existing services for depression and potentially reduce the gap between the need and provision of evidence-based treatments.
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