| 1. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Guided Internet-Based CBT for Common Mental Disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. - : Springer. - 0022-0116 .- 1573-3564. ; 43:4, s. 223-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet has become a part of most people’s lives in many parts of the world. Since the late 1990s there has been an intensive research activity in which psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), have been found to be effective when delivered via the Internet. Most research studies indicate that the effects are larger when some form of guidance is provided from a therapist, and unguided treatments tend to lead to more dropout and smaller effects. Guided Internet treatments often consists of book length text materials, but can also include other components such as audio files and video clips. Homework assignment is often included and feedback is given for completed homework. Guided Internet-based CBT (iCBT) has been found to work for problems such as depression, panic-, social anxiety-, and generalized anxiety disorders. There are many research trials in which participants have been recruited via media, and there has been less research conducted in representative clinical settings. Most research has been conducted on adults and in university settings with nationwide recruitment. There is a need for treatments and studies on older adults, children and adolescents. In conclusion, dissemination of the research findings on guided iCBT to regular clinical settings is warranted.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Jan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-versus group-administered cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in a psychiatric setting : a randomised trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 1471-244X. ; 10:54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internet administered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a promising new way to deliver psychological treatment, but its effectiveness in regular care settings and in relation to more traditional CBT group treatment has not yet been determined. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Internetand group administered CBT for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in a randomised trial within a regular psychiatric care setting. The second aim of the study was to establish the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: Patients referred for treatment by their physician, or self-referred, were telephone-screened by a psychiatric nurse. Patients fulfilling screening criteria underwent an in-person structured clinical interview carried out by a psychiatrist. A total of 113 consecutive patients were then randomly assigned to 10 weeks of either guided Internet delivered CBT (n = 53) or group CBT (n = 60). After treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up, patients were again assessed by the psychiatrist, blind to treatment condition. Results: Immediately after randomization 9 patients dropped out, leaving 104 patients who started treatment. Patients in both treatment conditions showed significant improvement on the main outcome measure, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) after treatment. For the Internet treatment the within-group effect size (pre-post) on the PDSS was Cohen's d = 1.73, and for the group treatment it was d = 1.63. Between group effect sizes were low and treatment effects were maintained at 6-months follow-up. We found no statistically significant differences between the two treatment conditions using a mixed models approach to account for missing data. Group CBT utilised considerably more therapist time than did Internet CBT. Defining effect as proportion of PDSS responders, the cost-effectiveness analysis concerning therapist time showed that Internet treatment had superior cost-effectiveness ratios in relation to group treatment both at post-treatment and follow-up. Conclusions: This study provides support for the effectiveness of Internet CBT in a psychiatric setting for patients with panic disorder, and suggests that it is equally effective as the more widely used group administered CBT in reducing panic-and agoraphobic symptoms, as well as being more cost effective with respect to therapist time.
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| 3. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus statement on defining and measuring negative effects of Internet interventions
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internet interventions have great potential for alleviating emotional distress, promoting mental health, and enhancing well-being. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their effectiveness for a number of psychiatric conditions, and interventions delivered via the Internet will likely become a common alternative to face-to-face treatment. Meanwhile, research has paid little attention to the negative effects associated with treatment, warranting further investigation of the possibility that some patients might deteriorate or encounter adverse events despite receiving best available care. Evidence from research of face-to-face treatment suggests that negative effects afflict 5-10% of all patients undergoing treatment in terms of deterioration.Objective: There is currently a lack of consensus on how to define and measure negative effects in psychotherapy research in general, leaving researchers without practical guidelines for monitoring and reporting negative effects in clinical trials. The current study therefore sought out to provide recommendations that could promote the study of negative effects in Internet interventions with the aim of increasing the knowledge of its occurrence and characteristics.Methods: Ten experts in the field of Internet interventions were invited to participate and share their perspective on how to explore negative effects, using the Delphi technique to facilitate a dialogue and reach an agreement. The authors discuss the importance of conducting research on negative effects in order to further the understanding of its incidence and different features.Results: Suggestions on how to classify and measure negative effects in Internet interventions are proposed, involving methods from both quantitative and qualitative research. Potential mechanisms underlying negative effects are also discussed, differentiating common factors shared with face-to-face treatments from those unique to treatments delivered via the Internet.Conclusions: We conclude that negative effects are to be expected and need to be acknowledged to a greater extent, advising researchers to systematically probe for negative effects whenever conducting clinical trials involving Internet interventions, as well as to share their findings in scientific journals.
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| 4. |
- Dagöö, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7897 .- 0887-6185. ; 28:4, s. 410-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a previously evaluated guided Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD) was adapted for mobile phone administration (mCBT). The treatment was compared with a guided self-help treatment based on interpersonal psychotherapy (mIPT). The treatment platform could be accessed through smartphones, tablet computers, and standard computers. A total of 52 participants were diagnosed with SAD and randomized to either mCBT (n = 27) or mIPT (n = 25). Measures were collected at pre-treatment, during the treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. On the primary outcome measure, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - self-rated, both groups showed statistically significant improvements. However, mCBT performed significantly better than mIPT (between group Cohen's d = 0.64 in favor of mCBT). A larger proportion of the mCBT group was classified as responders at post-treatment (55.6% versus 8.0% in the mIPT group). We conclude that CBT for SAD can be delivered using modern information technology. IPT delivered as a guided self-help treatment may be less effective in this format. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Hedman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A 5-year follow-up of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internet-basedcognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been shown to be a promising method todisseminate cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD).Several trials have demonstrated that Internet-based CBT can be effective forSAD in the shorter term. However, the long-term effects of Internet-based CBTfor SAD are less well known. Objective: Our objectivewas to investigate the effect of Internet-based CBT for SAD 5 years aftercompleted treatment. Method: We conducted a 5-yearfollow-up study of 80 persons with SAD who had undergone Internet-based CBT.The assessment comprised a diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaires.The main outcome measure was the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self-Report (LSAS-SR). Additional measures of social anxiety were the Social InteractionAnxiety Scale (SIAS) and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS). Attrition rates werelow: 89% (71/80) of the participants completed the diagnostic interview and 80% (64/80) responded to the questionnaires. Results: Mixed-effect models analysisshowed a significant effect of time on the three social anxiety measures,LSAS-SR, SIAS, and SPS (F3,98-102 = 16.05 -29.20, P < .001)indicating improvement. From baseline to 5-year follow-up, participants’ meanscores on the LSAS-SR were reduced from 71.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]66.1-76.5) to 40.3 (95% CI 35.2 - 45.3). The effect sizes of the LSAS-SR were large (Cohen’s d range 1.30 - 1.40, 95% CI 0.77 - 1.90). Improvementsgained at the 1-year follow-up were sustained 5 years after completedtreatment. Conclusions: Internet-basedCBT for SAD is a treatment that can result in large and enduring effects. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.govNCT01145690; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01145690 (Archived byWebCite athttp://www.webcitation.org/5ygRxDLfK)
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| 6. |
- Hedman, E., et al.
(författare)
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Internet administration of self-report measures commonly used in research on social anxiety disorder : a psychometric evaluation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Computers in human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 26:4, s. 736-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet has become increasingly popular as a way to administer self-report questionnaires, especially in the field of Internet delivered psychological treatments. Collecting questionnaire data over the Internet has advantages, such as ease of administration, and automated scoring. However, psychometric properties cannot be assumed to be identical to the paper-and-pencil versions. The aim of this study was to test the equivalence of paper-and-pencil and Internet administered versions of self-report questionnaires used in social phobia research. We analyzed data from two trials in which samples were recruited in a similar manner. One sample (N = 64) completed the paper-and-pencil version of questionnaires and the second sample (N = 57) completed the same measures online. We included the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-self-assessment (LSAS-SR), the Social Interaction and Anxiety Scale (SIAS), and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) as measures of social anxiety. Also included were the Montgomery sberg Depression Rating Scale-self-assessment (MADRS-S), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). Results showed equivalent psychometric properties across administration formats. Cronbach's α ranged between 0.77 and 0.94. There was an indication of a somewhat higher construct validity when participants filled out questionnaires using paper-and-pencil. We conclude that the LSAS-SR, SIAS, and SPS can be administered via the Internet with maintained psychometric properties.
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| 7. |
- Hedman, Erik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Internetbaserad psykologisk behandling : evidens, indikation och praktiskt genomförande
- 2014. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Internetbaserad psykologisk behandling ökar tillgängligheten till vård med god effekt och bidrar samtidigt till förståelsen för vad som är verksamt i psykoterapi. Bokens författare är pionjärer inom området, och delar här med sig av sin erfarenhet från både forskning och klinisk verksamhet. De berättar vad som är centralt vid internetbehandling ur ett terapeutiskt såväl som juridiskt och tekniskt perspektiv: Hur avgör man vilka klienter som är lämpliga? Hur sker kontakten mellan terapeut och klient på ett säkert sätt? Vad utmärker en bra internetbehandlare? De går även igenom de kliniska program som utvecklats för olika ångestsyndrom, depression och beteendemedicinska problem samt evidensläget för respektive diagnos. Boken vänder sig till studerande och yrkesverksamma inom psykoterapi, psykiatri och primärvård.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder : A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0033-3204 .- 1939-1536. ; 54:4, s. 351-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with considerable individual suffering and societal costs. Although there is ample evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy, recent studies suggest psychodynamic therapy may also be effective in treating SAD. Furthermore, Internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) has shown promising results for addressing mixed depression and anxiety disorders. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of IPDT specifically for SAD. This paper describes a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a 10-week, affect-focused IPDT protocol for SAD, compared with a wait-list control group. Long-term effects were also estimated by collecting follow-up data, 6, 12, and 24 months after the end of therapy. A total of 72 individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for DSM–IV social anxiety disorder were included. The primary outcome was the self-report version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Mixed model analyses using the full intention-to-treat sample revealed a significant interaction effect of group and time, suggesting a larger effect in the treatment group than in the wait-list control. A between-group effect size Cohen’s d = 1.05 (95% [CI]: [0.62, 1.53]) was observed at termination. Treatment gains were maintained at the 2-year follow-up, as symptom levels in the treated group continued to decrease significantly. The findings suggest that Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy is a promising treatment for social anxiety disorder.
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| 9. |
- Lindner, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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The Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale (BBQ) : Development and Psychometric Evaluation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 45:3, s. 182-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of subjective quality of life (QoL) are an important complement to symptom ratings in clinical research and practice. Despite there being several established QoL self-rating scales, we identified a need for a freely accessible, easy-to-use inventory, validated for use with both clinical and non-clinical samples, based on the overall life satisfaction conceptualization of QoL. The Brunnsviken Brief Quality of life scale (BBQ) was designed to meet these requirements. Items were selected by performing a factor analysis on a large data-set of QoL ratings collected previously. Six life areas (Leisure time, View on life, Creativity, Learning, Friends and Friendship, and View of self) were identified as important for overall QoL and were included in the BBQ. A psychometric evaluation was performed using two independent samples: healthy undergraduate students (n = 163), and a sample seeking treatment for social anxiety disorder (n = 568). Results suggested a unifactorial structure, with good concurrent and convergent validity, high internal and test-retest reliability, and accurate classification ability. We conclude that the BBQ is a valid and reliable measure of subjective QoL for use in clinical and research settings. The BBQ is presently available in 31 languages and can be freely downloaded from www.bbqscale.com.
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| 10. |
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