| 1. |
- Carlsen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Co-evolutionary scenarios for creative prototyping of future robot systems for civil protection
- 2014
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 84, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-evolutionary scenarios are used for creative prototyping with the purpose of assessing potential implications of future autonomous robot systems on civil protection. The methodology is based on a co-evolutionary scenario approach and the development of different evolutionary paths. Opportunities, threats and ethical aspects in connection with the introduction of robotics in the domestic security and safety sector are identified using an iterative participatory workshop methodology. Three creative prototypes of robotic systems are described: "RoboMall", "RoboButler" and "SnakeSquad". The debate in society that might follow the introduction of these three robot systems and society's response to the experienced ethical problems and opportunities are discussed in the context of two scenarios of different future societies.
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| 2. |
- Carlsen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic exploration of scenario spaces
- 2016
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Ingår i: Foresight. - 1463-6689 .- 1465-9832. ; 18:1, s. 59-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Scenarios have become a vital methodological approach in business as well as in public policy. When scenarios are used to guide analysis and decision-making, the aim is typically robustness and in this context we argue that two main problems at scenario set level is conservatism, i.e. all scenarios are close to a perceived business-as-usual trajectory and lack of balance in the sense of arbitrarily mixing some conservative and some extreme scenarios. The purpose of this paper is to address these shortcomings by proposing a methodology for generating sets of scenarios which are in a mathematical sense maximally diverse. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, we develop a systematic methodology, Scenario Diversity Analysis (SDA), which addresses the problems of broad span vs conservatism and imbalance. From a given set of variables with associated states, SDA generates scenario sets where the scenarios are in a quantifiable sense maximally different and therefore best span the whole set of feasible scenarios. Findings - The usefulness of the methodology is exemplified by applying it to sets of storylines of the emissions scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This ex-post analysis shows that the storylines were not maximally diverse and given the challenges ahead with regard to emissions reduction and adaptation planning, we argue that it is important to strive for diversity when developing scenario sets for climate change research. Originality/value - The proposed methodology adds significant novel features to the field of systematic scenario generation, especially with regard to scenario diversity. The methodology also enables the combination of systematics with the distinct future logics of good intuitive logics scenarios.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abrahamson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient production of native, biologically active human cystatin C by Escherichia coli
- 1988
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - 1873-3468. ; 236:1, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cDNA encoding the mature human cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C was fused to the coding sequence for the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A signal peptide, and the recombinant gene was expressed in E. coli under the control of the λ PR promoter, an optimized Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the λ cI 857 repressor. When induced at 42°C, such cells expressed large amounts of recombinant cystatin C. The recombinant protein was isolated in high yield and characterized. All physicochemical properties investigated, including the positions of disulfide bonds, indicated that the E. coli derived cystatin C was identical to cystatin C isolated from human biological fluids, except that the proline residue in position three was not hydroxylated. The recombinant protein displayed full biological activity against papain, cathepsin B and dipeptidyl peptidase I.
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| 5. |
- Baard, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Scenarios and sustainability : tools for alleviating the gap between municipal means and responsibilities in adaptation planning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 17:6-7, s. 641-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to climate change often involves long-time frames and uncertainties over the consequences of chosen adaptation measures. In this study, two tools designed for assisting local decision-makers in adaptation planning were tested: socio-economic scenarios and sustainability analysis. The objective was to study whether these tools could be of practical relevance to Swedish municipalities and facilitate local-level climate change adaptation. We found that the municipal planners who participated in the testing generally considered the tools useful and of high relevance, but that more time was needed to use the tools than was provided during the test process.
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| 6. |
- Björklund, Verna, et al.
(författare)
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Early-onset group B streptococcal infections in five Nordic countries with different prevention policies, 1995 to 2019
- 2024
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC). - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 29:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neonatal early-onset disease caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of infant morbidity. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is effective in preventing early-onset GBS disease, but there is no agreement on the optimal strategy for identifying the pregnant women requiring this treatment, and both risk-based prophylaxis (RBP) and GBS screening-based prophylaxis (SBP) are used.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SBP as a public health intervention on the epidemiology of early-onset GBS infections.Methods: In 2012, Finland started the universal SBP, while Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden continued with RBP. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis taking 2012 as the intervention point to evaluate the impact of this intervention. The incidences of early- and late-onset GBS infections during Period I (1995-2011) and Period II (2012-2019) were collected from each national register, covering 6,605,564 live births.Results: In Finland, a reduction of 58% in the incidence of early-onset GBS disease, corresponding to an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.34-0.52), was observed after 2012. At the same time, the pooled IRR of other Nordic countries was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80-1.0), specifically 0.89 (95% CI: 0.70-1.5) in Denmark, 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15-0.81) in Iceland, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.88) in Norway and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85-1.1) in Sweden.Conclusions: In this ecological study of five Nordic countries, early-onset GBS infections were approximately halved following introduction of the SBP approach as compared with RBP.
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| 7. |
- Bodin, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Lyxkonsumera för miljöns skull
- 2015
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Ingår i: Expressen. - 1103-923X. ; :28 mars
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Borrelli, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence-based detection of lymph node metastases by PET/CT predicts prostate cancer-specific survival
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 41:1, s. 62-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Lymph node metastases are a key prognostic factor in prostate cancer (PCa), but detecting lymph node lesions from PET/CT images is a subjective process resulting in inter-reader variability. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods can provide an objective image analysis. We aimed at developing and validating an AI-based tool for detection of lymph node lesions. Methods A group of 399 patients with biopsy-proven PCa who had undergone(18)F-choline PET/CT for staging prior to treatment were used to train (n = 319) and test (n = 80) the AI-based tool. The tool consisted of convolutional neural networks using complete PET/CT scans as inputs. In the test set, the AI-based lymph node detections were compared to those of two independent readers. The association with PCa-specific survival was investigated. Results The AI-based tool detected more lymph node lesions than Reader B (98 vs. 87/117;p = .045) using Reader A as reference. AI-based tool and Reader A showed similar performance (90 vs. 87/111;p = .63) using Reader B as reference. The number of lymph node lesions detected by the AI-based tool, PSA, and curative treatment was significantly associated with PCa-specific survival. Conclusion This study shows the feasibility of using an AI-based tool for automated and objective interpretation of PET/CT images that can provide assessments of lymph node lesions comparable with that of experienced readers and prognostic information in PCa patients.
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| 9. |
- Carlsen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A sustainable trajectory for the 2030 Agenda: Targeting historical lock‐ins to accelerate progress on all SDGs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Development. - 0968-0802 .- 1099-1719.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2030 Agenda states that the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) make parts of an indivisible whole, and research on SDG implementation highlights how managing goal interactions—synergies and trade-offs—is key for implementation to be successful. Here, we present an empirically based and transparent method for developing “consistent scenarios” that identifies which SDGs will be unattainable if historical patterns of interaction between SDGs are maintained. Using historical data on SDG indicators and correlation analysis together with cross-impact balance analysis, we identify such scenarios for a set of high- to low-income countries. Finding no consistent scenario where progress can be made on all 17 SDGs for any of the countries, our findings demonstrate the importance of policies that target interactions and resolve trade-offs rather than individual goals to unlock a sustainable future trajectory. This reflects what was novel about the SDGs as a framework for global development; that the goals are indivisible and achieving them all require systemic changes that alter how social and economic processes interact with the environment.
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| 10. |
- Carlsen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Chasing artificial intelligence in shared socioeconomic pathways
- 2024
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : CELL PRESS. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:1, s. 18-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of artificial intelligence has likely reached an inflection point, with significant implications for how research needs to address emerging technologies and how they drive long-term socioeconomic development of importance for climate change scenarios.
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