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- Jacobsson, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial high rate episodes predict clinical outcome in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2006 .- 1401-7431. ; 51:2, s. 74-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Up to 50% of patients qualified for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have documented atrial fibrillation (AF) prior to CRT-implantation. This finding is associated with worse prognosis but few studies have evaluated the importance of post-implant device-detected AF. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of device-detected atrial high rate episodes (AHRE), as a surrogate for atrial fibrillation (AF).DESIGN: Data was retrospectively obtained from consecutive patients receiving CRT. Baseline clinical data and data from CRT device-interrogations, performed at a median of 12.2 months after CRT-implantation, were evaluated with regard to prediction of the composite endpoint of death, heart transplant or appropriate shock therapy. Median follow-up time was 51 months post-implant.RESULTS: The study included 377 patients. Preoperative AF was present in 49% and associated with worse outcome. The cumulative burden of AHRE at 12 months post-implant was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint. During the first 12 months after CRT-implantation, AHRE were detected in 25% of the patients with no preoperative diagnosis of AF. This finding was not associated with worse outcome.CONCLUSIONS: In CRT recipients, the cumulative burden of AHRE during first year of follow-up was associated with worse long-term clinical outcome. Prospective trials are needed to determine if a rhythm control strategy is to be preferred in patients with CRT.
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- Leo, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and phylogeography of Elymus mutabilis and its genetic relationships with E. transbaicalensis (Poaceae)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elymus mutabilis is a morphologically diverse species in the Poaceae family growing in Eurasia from northern Europe to far east Russia and southwards to central Asia. Elymus transbaicalensis occurs in similar habitats and is considered closely related to E. mutabilis and sometimes even referred to as a subspecies or synonym. Based on high similarity in morphology and habitat, molecular studies are needed to establish whether E. mutabilis and E. transbaicalensis can be considered as two distinct species. Thus, the objective of this study was to study diversity, relationships among populations and the phylogeographical structure of E. mutabilis and E. transbaicalensis using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). In total 68 individuals of E. mutabilis were sampled from 18 populations collected from northern Europe, central Asia and far east Russia, representing the central and two peripheral parts of the natural distribution of the species. The results reveal a clear distinction between E. mutabilis and E. transbaicalensis and no introgression. The phylogeographic structure of E. mutabilis follows the geographical distribution of the species. Populations from northern Europe, southern Siberia and far east Russia together form a clade separated from the peripheral populations in central Asia, indicating a common ancestry of the latter. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a radiation pattern among populations in northern Europe indicating a founding followed by rapid dispersal.
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- Nordin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Smog Chamber Experiments of SOA Formation from Gasoline Exhaust and Light Aromatics
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experiments where gasoline exhaust was exposed to UV-radiation to examine Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation were performed in a smog chamber. The Aerosol Mass Yield (formed SOA/reacted precursor mass) was determined and compared with the yield from a pure precursor experiment in the chamber and from results reported in literature. Preliminary results show that the majority of the organic aerosol mass emitted from idling gasoline cars is secondary. Further, the SOA yields when taking only C6-C10 light aromatics into account are within a similar range to pure precursor experiments, suggesting that light aromatics are dominating precursors in gasoline exhaust SOA.
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- Söderström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Does a gluten-free diet lead to better glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes? : Results from a feasibility study and recommendations for future trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. - : Elsevier. - 2451-8654. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing evidence suggests a link between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and intake of gluten, but no controlled trials have examined whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) has positive effects on glycemic control in children with T1D. Methods: We conducted a non-randomized feasibility study. Twenty-three children with newly diagnosed T1D were included and either followed a GFD (n = 14) or a normal diet (n = 9) for 12 months. Effects of diet on glycemic control were examined by measuring insulin production (c-peptide), hemoglobine A1c (HbA1c) and insulin dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1c). Degree of adherence to the GFD and effects on quality of life were also examined. Results: Children on a GFD showed a statistically significantly lower HbA1c at six months (P = 0.042) compared with children on a normal diet and point estimate differences indicated better glycemic control in the GFD group at 6 and 12 months. Adherence to a GFD varied but was satisfactory for a majority of children. The GFD group reported poorer quality of life at inclusion and there was a non-significant difference for quality of life between groups throughout the study. Conclusions: A strict GFD can be maintained by children with newly diagnosed T1D and may have positive effects on glycemic control. Our findings should be interpreted carefully because of small samples and possible confounding. We provide recommendations for future trials and suggest using a randomized-controlled design with 30–40 participants in each arm.
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- Wittbom, Cerina, et al.
(författare)
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Cloud droplet activity changes of soot aerosol upon smog chamber ageing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7324. ; 14:18, s. 9831-9854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particles containing soot, or black carbon, are generally considered to contribute to global warming. However, large uncertainties remain in the net climate forcing resulting from anthropogenic emissions of black carbon (BC), to a large extent due to the fact that BC is co-emitted with gases and primary particles, both organic and inorganic, and subject to atmospheric ageing processes. In this study, diesel exhaust particles and particles from a flame soot generator spiked with light aromatic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors were processed by UV radiation in a 6m3 Teflon chamber in the presence of NOx. The time-dependent changes of the soot nanoparticle properties were characterised using a Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter, an Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer and a Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. The results show that freshly emitted soot particles do not activate into cloud droplets at supersaturations <= 2 %, i. e. the BC core coated with primary organic aerosol (POA) from the exhaust is limited in hygroscopicity. Before the onset of UV radiation it is unlikely that any substantial SOA formation is taking place. An immediate change in cloud-activation properties occurs at the onset of UV exposure. This change in hygroscopicity is likely attributed to SOA formed from intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) in the diesel engine exhaust. The change of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties at the onset of UV radiation implies that the lifetime of soot particles in the atmosphere is affected by the access to sunlight, which differs between latitudes. The ageing of soot particles progressively enhances their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei, due to changes in: (I) organic fraction of the particle, (II) chemical properties of this fraction (e. g. primary or secondary organic aerosol), (III) particle size, and (IV) particle morphology. Applying kappa-K hler theory, using a kappa SOA value of 0.13 (derived from independent input parameters describing the organic material), showed good agreement with cloud droplet activation measurements for particles with a SOA mass fraction >= 0.12 (slightly aged particles). The activation properties are enhanced with only a slight increase in organic material coating the soot particles (SOA mass fraction < 0.12), however not as much as predicted by K hler theory. The discrepancy between theory and experiments during the early stages of ageing might be due to solubility limitations, unevenly distributed organic material or hindering particle morphology. The change in properties of soot nanoparticles upon photochemical processing clearly increases their hygroscopicity, which affects their behaviour both in the atmosphere and in the human respiratory system.
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