| 1. |
- Cruz, Raquel, et al.
(författare)
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Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 31:22, s. 3789-3806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.
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| 2. |
- Jansen, Iris E, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0533 .- 0001-6322. ; 144:5, s. 821-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. Initiated by the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), the largest collaborative effort on genetics underlying CSF biomarkers was established, including 31 cohorts with a total of 13,116 individuals (discovery n = 8074; replication n = 5042 individuals). Besides the APOE locus, novel associations with two other well-established AD risk loci were observed; CR1 was shown a locus for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau. GMNC and C16orf95 were further identified as loci for pTau, of which the latter is novel. Clustering methods exploring the influence of all known AD risk loci on the CSF protein levels, revealed 4 biological categories suggesting multiple Aβ42 and pTau related biological pathways involved in the etiology of AD. In functional follow-up analyses, GMNC and C16orf95 both associated with lateral ventricular volume, implying an overlap in genetic etiology for tau levels and brain ventricular volume.
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| 3. |
- Barker, Abigail, et al.
(författare)
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The magma plumbing system for the 1971 Teneguía eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands
- 2015
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Ingår i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-7999 .- 1432-0967. ; 170:5-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1971 Teneguía eruption is the most recent volcanic event of the Cumbre Vieja rift zone on La Palma. The eruption produced basanite lavas that host xenoliths, which we investigate to provide insight into the processes of differentiation, assimilation and magma storage beneath La Palma. We compare our results to the older volcanomagmatic systems of the island with the aim to reconstruct the temporal development of the magma plumbing system beneath La Palma.The 1971 lavas are clinopyroxene-olivine-phyric basanites that contain augite, sodic-augite and Aluminium augite. Kaersutite cumulate xenoliths host olivine, clinopyroxene including sodic-diopside, and calcic-amphibole, whereas an analysed leucogabbro xenolith hosts plagioclase, sodic-augite-diopside, calcic-amphibole and hauyne. Mineral and mineral-melt thermobarometry indicate that clinopyroxene and plagioclase in the 1971 Teneguía lavas crystallised at 20 to 45 km depth, coinciding with clinopyroxene and calcic-amphibole crystallisation in the kaersutite cumulate xenoliths at 25 to 45 km and clinopyroxene, calcic-amphibole and plagioclase crystallisation in the leucogabbro xenolith at 30 to 50 km.Combined mineral chemistry and thermobarometry suggest that the magmas had already crystallised, differentiated and formed multiple crystal populations in the oceanic lithospheric mantle. Notably, the magmas that supplied the 1949 and 1971 events appear to have crystallised deeper than the earlier Cumbre Vieja magmas, which suggests progressive underplating beneath the Cumbre Vieja rift zone. In addition, the lavas and xenoliths of the 1971 event crystallised at a common depth, indicating a reused plumbing system and progressive recycling of Ocean Island plutonic complexes during subsequent magmatic activity.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Sylvia E., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous vesiculation of 2011 El Hierro xeno-pumice revealed by X-ray computed microtomography
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Volcanology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0258-8900 .- 1432-0819. ; 78:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the first week of the 2011 El Hierro submarine eruption, abundant light-coloured pumiceous, high-silica volcanic bombs coated in dark basanite were found floating on the sea. The composition of the light-coloured frothy material ('xeno-pumice') is akin to that of sedimentary rocks from the region, but the textures resemble felsic magmatic pumice, leaving their exact mode of formation unclear. To help decipher their origin, we investigated representative El Hierro xeno-pumice samples using X-ray computed microtomography for their internal vesicle shapes, volumes, and bulk porosity, as well as for the spatial arrangement and size distributions of vesicles in three dimensions (3D). We find a wide range of vesicle morphologies, which are especially variable around small fragments of rock contained in the xeno-pumice samples. Notably, these rock fragments are almost exclusively of sedimentary origin, and we therefore interpret them as relicts an the original sedimentary ocean crust protolith(s). The irregular vesiculation textures observed probably resulted from pulsatory release of volatiles from multiple sources during xeno-pumice formation, most likely by successive release of pore water and mineral water during incremental heating and decompression of the sedimentary protoliths.
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| 5. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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From Myth to Science : The Contribution of Mount Teide to the Advancement of Volcanology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 1-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter outlines the progress of geological research into the origin and evolution of the Teide Volcanic Complex within the framework of Tenerife Island, the Canary Islands, and oceanic volcanism in general. Initially considered to relate to either the entrance to ‘Hell’ or to mythical Atlantis, for von Buch, von Humboldt, Lyell and the other great eighteenth and nineteenth century naturalists Teide eventually helped to shape a new, and at that time revolutionary concept; the origin of volcanic rocks from solidified magma. This school of thought slowly cast aside Neptunism and removed some of the last barriers for the development of modern Geology and Volcanology as the sciences we know today. Despite the volcanic nature of the Canaries having been already recognised by the twentieth century, modern geological understanding of the archipelago progressed most significantly with the advent of plate tectonics. While some authors still maintain a link between the Canaries and the Atlas tectonic regime (see also Chap. 2), geological research truly advanced in the Canaries through comparison with hotspot-derived archipelagos, particularly the Hawaiian Islands. This approach, initiated in the 1970s, provided a breakthrough in the understanding of Canary volcanism, demonstrating Tenerife and Teide to be one of the world’s most interesting, complex and to many, one of the most iconic of oceanic volcanoes.
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| 6. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Geological Hazards in the Teide Volcanic Complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 249-272
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The island of Tenerife displays contrasted densities of population, from the densely occupied coastal zones (including tourist resorts, airport, energy facilities, etc.) to the sparsely populated forests and mountainous highlands, where most of the recent volcanic events are located. Considering the low frequency of historical eruptions (compared to Hawaii or Reunion Island for example), the assessment of geological hazards must also rely on the analysis and interpretation of prehistorical events, going back to at least the Late Quaternary. In this chapter, we review the hazards related to Teide’s volcanism, but also those from increased seismicity and from slope instability. We discuss the origin of low magnitude earthquakes, and particularly the 2004 episode of unrest. New estimates on cumulative volumes for resurfacing by lava flows during the last few thousand years are provided to serve as a tool for building a lava flow hazard map of Tenerife. Hazards related to explosive activity are also considered and although possible, with phreatomagmatic eruptions being the most likely style anticipated, explosive events are of relatively low probability at Teide in the near future.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to Comment on “Recent unrest at Canary Islands' Teide Volcano?”
- 2007
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Ingår i: EOS. - 0096-3941 .- 2324-9250. ; 88:46, s. 488-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Small-magnitude seismic episodes unrelated to a volcanic eruption have been a relatively frequent feature in all the Canaries without causing any significant public alarm. Conversely, great alarm was raised in May 2004 in Tenerife, when apparently numerous low-magnitude seismic signals were recorded, although only a few of them were actually felt in nearby villages.Public alarm was raised by (1) the publication on a Web site of imperceptible seismic signals as low as 0.6 on the Richter scale, most of which were not even adequately localized and yet were reproduced almost daily in the local and national press without further comment or explanation; (2) a Spanish national scientific committee being replaced by a local committee that was scientifically advised by a private company; and (3) publicity given by the media to the prediction made by members of the local committee of a potentially large scale explosive eruption in October 2004 (dubbed “the October volcano” by residents). Interestingly, obvious fumarole activity was absent in autumn 2004 during an inspection of Teide summit by three of us.
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| 9. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Geological Elements of Teide Volcanic Complex : Rift Zones and Gravitational Collapses
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 57-74
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initially recognised in the Hawaiian Islands, volcanic rift zones and associated giant landslides have been extensively studied in the Canaries, where several of their more significant structural and genetic elements have been established. Almost 3,000 km of water tunnels (galerías) that exist in the western Canaries provide a unique possibility to access the deep structure of the island edifices. Recent work shows that rift zones to control the construction of the islands, possibly from the initial stages of island development, form the main relief features (shape and topography), and concentrate eruptive activity, making them crucial elements in defining the distribution of volcanic hazards on ocean islands.
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| 10. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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The 2011-2012 submarine eruption off El Hierro, Canary Islands : New lessons in oceanic island growth and volcanic crisis management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 150, s. 168-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty years after the eruption of the Teneguía volcano on La Palma, 1971, the last volcanic event in the Canary Islands, a submarine eruption took place in 2011 off-shore El Hierro, the smallest and youngest island of the archipelago. In this paper, we review the periods of seismic unrest leading up to the 2011–2012 El Hierro eruption, the timeline of eruptive events, the erupted products, the wider societal impacts, and the insights garnered for our understanding of ocean island growth mechanisms and hazard management. Seismic precursors allowed early detection of magmatic activity and prediction of the approximate location of the eruption. White coloured “floating stones” (“xeno-pumice”) were described within the first few days of the events, the origin of which were hotly debated because of their potential implications for the character of the eruption. Due to epistemic uncertainty derived from delayed flow of scientific information and equivocal interpretations of the “floating stones”, the El Hierro 2011–2012 events were characterised by cautious civil protection measures, which greatly impacted on the residents' lives and on the island's economy. We therefore summarise the scientific lessons learned from this most recent Canary Island eruption and discuss how emergency managers might cope with similar situations of uncertainty during future eruptive events in the region.
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