| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(författare)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 2. |
- Bonner, Mark T. L., et al.
(författare)
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Why does nitrogen addition to forest soils inhibit decomposition?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enrichment of forest soils with inorganic nitrogen (N) tends to inhibit oxidative enzyme expression by microbes and reduces plant litter and soil organic matter decomposition rates. Without further explanation than is currently presented in the scientific literature, we argue that upregulation of oxidative enzymes seems a more competitive response to prolonged N enrichment at high rates than the observed downregulation. Thus, as it stands, observed responses are inconsistent with predicted responses. In this article, we present a hypothesis that resolves this conflict. We suggest that high rates of N addition alter the competitive balance between enzymatic lignin mineralisation and non-enzymatic lignin oxidation. Using metatransciptomics and chemical assays to examine boreal forest soils, we found that N addition suppressed peroxidase activity, but not iron reduction activity (involved in non-enzymatic lignin oxidation). Our hypothesis seems positioned as a parsimonious and empirically consistent working model that warrants further testing.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Castelan, Florence P., et al.
(författare)
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Natural Ecosystem Surrounding a Conventional Banana Crop Improves Plant Health and Fruit Quality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural ecosystems near agricultural landscapes may provide rich environments for growing crops. However, the effect of a natural ecosystem on crop health and fruit quality is poorly understood. In the present study, it was investigated whether the presence of a natural ecosystem surrounding a crop area influences banana plant health and fruit postharvest behavior. Plants from two conventional banana crop areas with identical planting time and cultural practices were used; the only difference between banana crop areas is that one area was surrounded by a natural forest (Atlantic forest) fragment (Near-NF), while the other area was inserted at the center of a conventional banana crop (Distant-NF). Results showed that bananas harvested from Near-NF showed higher greenlife and a more homogeneous profile during ripening compared to fruits harvested from Distant-NF. Differences in quality parameters including greenlife, carbohydrate profile, and pulp firmness between fruits harvested from Near-NF and Distant-NF are explained, at least partly, by differences in the balance of plant growth regulators (indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid) in bananas during ripening. Furthermore, plants from Near-NF showed a lower severity index of black leaf streak disease (BLSD) and higher levels of phenolic compounds in leaves compared to plants from Distant-NF. Together, the results provide additional evidence on how the maintenance of natural ecosystems near conventional crop areas could be a promising tool to improve plant health and fruit quality.
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| 5. |
- Castro, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of early, small-scale nitrogen addition on germination and early growth of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings and on the recruitment of the root-associated fungal community
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most economically important species to the Swedish forest industry, and cost-efficient planting methods are needed to ensure successful reestab-lishment after harvesting forest stands. While the majority of clear-cuts are replanted with pre-grown seedlings, direct seeding can be a viable option on poorer sites. Organic fertilizer has been shown to improve planted seedling establishment, but the effect on direct seeding is less well known. Therefore, at a scarified (disc trencher harrowed) clear-cut site in northern Sweden, we evaluated the effect of early, small-scale nitrogen addition on establishment and early recruitment of fungi from the disturbed soil community by site-planted Scots pine seeds. Individual seeds were planted using a moisture retaining germination matrix containing 10 mg nitrogen in the form of either arginine phosphate or ammonium nitrate. After one growing season, we collected seedlings and assessed the fungal community of seedling roots and the surrounding soil. Our results demonstrate that early, small-scale N addition increases seedling survival and needle carbon content, that there is rapid recruitment of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the roots and rhizosphere of the young seedlings and that this rapid recruitment was modified but not prevented by N addition.
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| 6. |
- Law, Simon R, et al.
(författare)
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Metatranscriptomics captures dynamic shifts in mycorrhizal coordination in boreal forests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon storage and cycling in boreal forests—the largest terrestrial carbon store—is moderated by complex interactions between trees and soil microorganisms. However, existing methods limit our ability to predict how changes in environmental conditions will alter these associations and the essential ecosystem services they provide. To address this, we developed a metatranscriptomic approach to analyze the impact of nutrient enrichment on Norway spruce fine roots and the community structure, function, and tree–microbe coordination of over 350 root-associated fungal species. In response to altered nutrient status, host trees redefined their relationship with the fungal community by reducing sugar efflux carriers and enhancing defense processes. This resulted in a profound restructuring of the fungal community and a collapse in functional coordination between the tree and the dominant Basidiomycete species, and an increase in functional coordination with versatile Ascomycete species. As such, there was a functional shift in community dominance from Basidiomycetes species, with important roles in enzymatically cycling recalcitrant carbon, to Ascomycete species that have melanized cell walls that are highly resistant to degradation. These changes were accompanied by prominent shifts in transcriptional coordination between over 60 predicted fungal effectors, with more than 5,000 Norway spruce transcripts, providing mechanistic insight into the complex molecular dialogue coordinating host trees and their fungal partners. The host–microbe dynamics captured by this study functionally inform how these complex and sensitive biological relationships may mediate the carbon storage potential of boreal soils under changing nutrient conditions.
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| 7. |
- Nascimento, Talita P., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomic profiling reveals that natural biodiversity surrounding a banana crop may positively influence the nutritional/sensorial profile of ripe fruits
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier. - 0963-9969 .- 1873-7145. ; 124, s. 165-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is part of an extensive project that evaluated the effects of a natural ecosystem on a healthy bananacrop and the quality of its fruit. In particular, the study examined the influence of the maintenance of naturalbiodiversity (Atlantic forest) near a conventional banana crop on the metabolic profiling of ripe banana fruits.Results revealed differences between ripe fruits harvested from plants near the natural forest (Near-NF) andfruits harvested in areas distant from the natural forest (Distant-NF). A total of 76 metabolites were identified inripe banana fruits. Bananas harvested from Near-NF plot showed increased levels ofγ-aminobutyric acid andreduced levels of putrescine compared with fruits from Distant-NF plot. Furthermore, fatty acids profile suggeststhat ripe fruits harvested from Near-NF plot had increased nutritional quality compared with fruits from Distant-NF plot. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that these metabolites, which potentially influence the nu-tritional/sensorial quality of ripe fruits, also contributed to distinguishing fruits harvested from Near-NF andDistant-NF plots. Collectively, the results suggest that the natural biodiversity surrounding a crop area couldbenefit ripe banana nutritional/sensorial quality. The maintenance of natural forest fragments thus appears to bea promising tool for increasing the quality of fruit crops.
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| 8. |
- Schneider, Andreas N., 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of small-scale outplanting fertilization on conifer seedling growth and fungal community establishment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trees, Forests and People. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7193. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forestry in Sweden largely relies on planting genetically improved seedlings after clear-cutting, and high survival and early growth of planted seedlings is vital for stand establishment, economic viability, and carbon sequestration. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are the two most important tree species in Swedish forest stands and both are associated with a variety of ectomycorrhizal fungi. While seedlings are generally not fertilized at outplanting, previous results have shown that fertilization with arginine phosphate can increase root growth and seedling survival. However, it is not clear how this affects fungal community composition on the roots of growing seedlings. In a planting experiment sampled after one and two growing seasons, we found that planting position had the largest effects both on seedling performance and on fungal community composition and provide insight into the early stages of fungal community succession on planted Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings. Fungal taxa present on seedlings before planting persisted on seedling roots, while some degree of novel colonization by site indigenous taxa was observed. Fertilization modified the relative abundance of some fungal taxa but did not lead to significant changes in overall community composition. In terms of seedling performance, ammonium nitrate led to increased mortality while arginine phosphate improved root growth.
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| 9. |
- Schneider, Andreas N., et al.
(författare)
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Organic N Addition Improves Root Growth Without Changing Fungal Communities in Outplanted Conifer Seedlings
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forestry in Sweden largely relies on planting genetically improved seedlings after clear-cutting, and high survival and early growth of planted seedlings is vital for economic viability and carbon sequestration. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are the two most important tree species in Swedish forest stands and are both associated with a variety of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Fertilization with arginine phosphate has been shown to improve root growth and seedling survival, but it is not clear how small-scale addition of fertilizer affects fungal community composition of growing seedlings. Here we show that addition of arginine phosphate can improve root growth of planted seedlings without negatively affecting survival or changing fungal community composition. In a planting experiment sampled after one and two growing seasons, we found that planting position had significant effects both on seedling performance and fungal community composition and provide insight into the early stages of fungal community succession on planted Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings. Fungal taxa present on seedlings before planting persisted on seedling roots, while at the same time site indigenous taxa colonized the growing seedlings. Fertilization modified relative abundances of some fungal taxa but did not lead to significant changes in community composition. While we acknowledge the need for more studies in different microclimates, soil types and weather conditions, and over longer timeframes, our results demonstrate how targeted fertilization with organic N can increase root growth, in addition to providing further insight into the early stages of fungal community succession in Fennoscandian rotation forestry.
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| 10. |
- Undabarrena, A., et al.
(författare)
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Complete genome sequence of the marine Rhodococcus sp H-CA8f isolated from Comau fjord in Northern Patagonia, Chile
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-7787. ; 40, s. 13-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhodococcus sp. H-CA8f was isolated from marine sediments obtained from the Comau fjord, located in Northern Chilean Patagonia. Whole-genome sequencing was achieved using PacBio RS II platform, comprising one closed, complete chromosome of 6,19 Mbp with a 62.45% G + C content. The chromosome harbours several metabolic pathways providing a wide catabolic potential, where the upper biphenyl route is described. Also, Rhodococcus sp. H-CA8f bears one linear mega-plasmid of 301 Kbp and 62.34% of G + C content, where genomic analyses demonstrated that it is constituted mostly by putative ORFs with unknown functions, representing a novel genetic feature. These genetic characteristics provide relevant insights regarding Chilean marine actinobacterial strains.
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