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Sökning: WFRF:(Chen Deliang) > Forskningsöversikt

  • Resultat 1-10 av 11
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1.
  • Zhou, T. J., et al. (författare)
  • Understanding and building upon pioneering work of Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 laureates Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann: From greenhouse effect to Earth system science and beyond
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science China-Earth Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7313 .- 1869-1897. ; 65
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded jointly to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi for their groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems. This is the first time that climate scientists were awarded the Nobel Physics Prize. Here, we present the evolution of climate science in the past similar to 200 years and highlight the landmarks of the developments in advancing our understanding of climate change, placing the pioneering contributions of Manabe and Hasselmann into a historical perspective. The backbone of modern climate science is further discussed in the context of the development of the discipline from the discovery of the greenhouse effect to the formation of Earth system science. Perspectives on the future development of climate science are also presented.
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2.
  • Bibi, S., et al. (författare)
  • Climatic and associated cryospheric, biospheric, and hydrological changes on the Tibetan Plateau: a review
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418. ; 38, s. E1-E17
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We review recent climate changes over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and associated responses of cryospheric, biospheric, and hydrological variables. We focused on surface air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, lakes, streamflow, and biological system changes. TP is getting warmer and wetter, and air temperature has increased significantly, particularly since the 1980s. Most significant warming trends have occurred in the northern TP. Slight increases in precipitation have occurred over the entire TP with clear spatial variability. Intensification of surface air temperature is associated with variation in precipitation and decreases in snow cover depth, spatial extent, and persistence. Rising surface temperatures have caused recession of glaciers, permafrost thawing, and thickening of the active layers over the permafrost. Changing temperatures, precipitation, and other climate system components have also affected the TP biological system. In addition, elevation-dependent changes in air temperature, wind speed, and summer precipitation have occurred in the TP and its surroundings in the past three decades. Before projecting multifaceted interactions and process responses to future climate change, further quantitative analysis and understanding of the change mechanisms is required.
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3.
  • Jiang, Huiru, et al. (författare)
  • Progress and Challenges in Studying Regional Permafrost in the Tibetan Plateau Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Models
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-6463. ; 8
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © Copyright © 2020 Jiang, Zheng, Yi, Chen, Zhang, Yang and Miller. Recent climate change has induced widespread soil thawing and permafrost degradation in the Tibetan Plateau. Significant advances have been made in better characterizing Tibetan Plateau soil freeze/thaw dynamics, and their interaction with local-scale ecohydrological processes. However, factors such as sparse networks of in-situ sites and short observational period still limit our understanding of the Tibetan Plateau permafrost. Satellite-based optical and infrared remote sensing can provide information on land surface conditions at high spatial resolution, allowing for better representation of spatial heterogeneity in the Tibetan Plateau and further infer the related permafrost states. Being able to operate at “all-weather” conditions, microwave remote sensing has been widely used to retrieve surface soil moisture, freeze/thaw state, and surface deformation, that are critical to understand the Tibetan Plateau permafrost state and changes. However, coarse resolution (>10 km) of current passive microwave sensors can add large uncertainties to the above retrievals in the Tibetan Plateau area with high topographic relief. In addition, current microwave remote sensing methods are limited to detections in the upper soil layer within a few centimetres. On the other hand, algorithms that can link surface properties and soil freeze/thaw indices to permafrost properties at regional scale still need improvements. For example, most methods using InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) derived surface deformation to estimate active layer thickness either ignore the effects of vertical variability of soil water content and soil properties, or use site-specific soil moisture profiles. This can introduce non-negligible errors when upscaled to the broader Tibetan Plateau area. Integrating satellite remote sensing retrievals with process models will allow for more accurate representation of Tibetan Plateau permafrost conditions. However, such applications are still limiting due to a number of factors, including large uncertainties in current satellite products in the Tibetan Plateau area, and mismatch between model input data needs and information provided by current satellite sensors. Novel approaches to combine diverse datasets with models through model initialization, parameterization and data assimilation are needed to address the above challenges. Finally, we call for expansion of local-scale observational network, to obtain more information on deep soil temperature and moisture, soil organic carbon content, and ground ice content.
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4.
  • Kang, Shichang, et al. (författare)
  • Linking atmospheric pollution to cryospheric change in the Third Pole region : current progress and future prospects
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 6:4, s. 796-809
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are known as the Third Pole (TP). This region is noted for its high rates of glacier melt and the associated hydrological shifts that affect water supplies in Asia. Atmospheric pollutants contribute to climatic and cryospheric changes through their effects on solar radiation and the albedos of snow and ice surfaces; moreover, the behavior and fates within the cryosphere and environmental impacts of environmental pollutants are topics of increasing concern. In this review, we introduce a coordinated monitoring and research framework and network to link atmospheric pollution and cryospheric changes (APCC) within the TP region. We then provide an up-to-date summary of progress and achievements related to the APCC research framework, including aspects of atmospheric pollution's composition and concentration, spatial and temporal variations, trans-boundary transport pathways and mechanisms, and effects on the warming of atmosphere and changing in Indian monsoon, as well as melting of glacier and snow cover. We highlight that exogenous air pollutants can enter into the TP's environments and cause great impacts on regional climatic and environmental changes. At last, we propose future research priorities and map out an extended program at the global scale. The ongoing monitoring activities and research facilitate comprehensive studies of atmosphere-cryosphere interactions, represent one of China's key research expeditions to the TP and the polar regions and contribute to the global perspective of earth system science.
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5.
  • Kukulies, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Mesoscale convective systems in the third pole region: Characteristics, mechanisms and impact on precipitation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - 2296-6463. ; 11
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The climate system of the Third Pole region, including the (TP) and its surroundings, is highly sensitive to global warming. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are understood to be a vital component of this climate system. Driven by the monsoon circulation, surface heating, and large-scale and local moisture supply, they frequently occur during summer and mostly over the central and eastern TP as well as in the downstream regions. Further, MCSs have been highlighted as important contributors to total precipitation as they are efficient rain producers affecting water availability (seasonal precipitation) and potential flood risk (extreme precipitation) in the densely populated downstream regions. The availability of multi-decadal satellite observations and high-resolution climate model datasets has made it possible to study the role of MCSs in the under-observed TP water balance. However, the usage of different methods for MCS identification and the different focuses on specific subregions currently hamper a systematic and consistent assessment of the role played by MCSs and their impact on precipitation over the TP headwaters and its downstream regions. Here, we review observational and model studies of MCSs in the TP region within a common framework to elucidate their main characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and impact on seasonal and extreme precipitation. We also identify major knowledge gaps and provide suggestions on how these can be addressed using recently published high-resolution model datasets. Three important identified knowledge gaps are 1) the feedback of MCSs to other components of the TP climate system, 2) the impact of the changing climate on future MCS characteristics, and 3) the basin-scale assessment of flood and drought risks associated with changes in MCS frequency and intensity. A particularly promising tool to address these knowledge gaps are convection-permitting climate simulations. Therefore, the systematic evaluation of existing historical convection-permitting climate simulations over the TP is an urgent requirement for reliable future climate change assessments.
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6.
  • Martin, Maria A., et al. (författare)
  • Ten new insights in climate science 2021 : a horizon scan
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2059-4798. ; 4, s. 1-20
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Non-technical summary: We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding about the remaining options to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, through overcoming political barriers to carbon pricing, taking into account non-CO2 factors, a well-designed implementation of demand-side and nature-based solutions, resilience building of ecosystems and the recognition that climate change mitigation costs can be justified by benefits to the health of humans and nature alone. We consider new insights about what to expect if we fail to include a new dimension of fire extremes and the prospect of cascading climate tipping elements.Technical summary: A synthesis is made of 10 topics within climate research, where there have been significant advances since January 2020. The insights are based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) the options to still keep global warming below 1.5 °C; (2) the impact of non-CO2 factors in global warming; (3) a new dimension of fire extremes forced by climate change; (4) the increasing pressure on interconnected climate tipping elements; (5) the dimensions of climate justice; (6) political challenges impeding the effectiveness of carbon pricing; (7) demand-side solutions as vehicles of climate mitigation; (8) the potentials and caveats of nature-based solutions; (9) how building resilience of marine ecosystems is possible; and (10) that the costs of climate change mitigation policies can be more than justified by the benefits to the health of humans and nature.Social media summary: How do we limit global warming to 1.5 °C and why is it crucial? See highlights of latest climate science.
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7.
  • Nik, Vahid, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Towards climate resilient urban energy systems: A review
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 8:3
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Climate change and increased urban population are two major concerns for society. Moving towards more sustainable energy solutions in the urban context by integrating renewable energy technologies supports decarbonizing the energy sector and climate change mitigation. A successful transition also needs adequate consideration of climate change including extreme events to ensure the reliable performance of energy systems in the long run. This review provides an overview of and insight into the progress achieved in the energy sector to adapt to climate change, focusing on the climate resilience of urban energy systems. The state-of-the-art methodology to assess impacts of climate change including extreme events and uncertainties on the design and performance of energy systems is described and discussed. Climate resilience is an emerging concept that is increasingly used to represent the durability and stable performance of energy systems against extreme climate events. However, it has not yet been adequately explored and widely used, as its definition has not been clearly articulated and assessment is mostly based on qualitative aspects. This study reveals that a major limitation in the state-of-the-art is the inadequacy of climate change adaptation approaches in designing and preparing urban energy systems to satisfactorily address plausible extreme climate events. Furthermore, the complexity of the climate and energy models and the mismatch between their temporal and spatial resolutions are the major limitations in linking these models. Therefore, few studies have focused on the design and operation of urban energy infrastructure in terms of climate resilience. Considering the occurrence of extreme climate events and increasing demand for implementing climate adaptation strategies, the study highlights the importance of improving energy system models to consider future climate variations including extreme events to identify climate resilient energy transition pathways.
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8.
  • Sun, Weiyi, et al. (författare)
  • Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates: A review
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Science China Earth Sciences. - 1674-7313 .- 1869-1897. ; 67, s. 61-78
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Major volcanic eruptions (MVEs) have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. Previous studies have explored the climatic impact of MVEs over the past two millennia. However, proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations indicate divergent responses of global and China’s regional climates to MVEs. Here, we used multiple data from observations, reconstructions, simulations, and assimilations to summarize the historical facts of MVEs, the characteristics and mechanisms of their climatic impact, and directions for future research. We reviewed volcanic datasets and determined intensive MVE periods; these periods corresponded to the years 530–700, 1200–1460, and 1600–1840 CE. After tropical MVEs, a substantial cooling effect is observed throughout the globe and China on the interannual-interdecadal time scales but an inconsistent cooling magnitude is detected between reconstructions and simulations. In the first summer after tropical MVEs, a decrease in global and monsoonal precipitation is observed. In reconstructions and simulations, an increased precipitation is seen for the Yangtze River Basin, while large uncertainties in precipitation changes are present for other regions of China. Decadal drought can be induced by frequent eruptions and volcanism superimposed on low solar irradiation and internal variability. MVEs affect climate directly through the radiative effect and indirectly by modulating internal variability, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). However, changes in the phase, amplitude, and periodicity of ENSO and AMO after MVEs and the associated mechanisms remain controversial, which could account for model-reconstruction disagreements. Moreover, other internal variability, uncertainties in reconstruction methods and aerosol-climate models, and climate background may also induce model-reconstruction disagreements. Knowledge gaps and directions for future research are also discussed.
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10.
  • Yasunari, T., et al. (författare)
  • Asia: Proving Ground for Global Sustainability
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435. ; 5:3-4, s. 288 -292
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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