| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Li, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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An efficient and reliable approach for quality-of-service-aware service composition
- 2014
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Ingår i: Information Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0020-0255 .- 1872-6291. ; 269, s. 238-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapidly increasing number of independently developed Web services that provide similar functionalities with varied quality of service (QoS), service composition is considered as a problem in the selection of component services that are in accordance with users' QoS requirements; a practice known as the QoS-aware service composition problem. However, current solutions are unsuitable for most real-time decision-making service composition applications required to obtain a relatively optimal result within a reasonable amount of time. These services are also unreliable (or even risky) given the open service-oriented environment. In this paper, we address these problems and propose a novel heuristic algorithm for an efficient and reliable selection of trustworthy services in a service composition. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps. First, a trust-based selection method is used to filter untrustworthy component services. Second, convex hulls are constructed to reduce the search space in the process of service composition. Finally, a heuristic global optimization approach is used to obtain the near-optimal solution. The results demonstrate that our approach obtains a close-to-optimal and reliable solution within a reasonable computation time.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic firefly algorithm based on two-way guidance and dimensional mutation
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation (IJBIC). - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1758-0366 .- 1758-0374. ; 20:2, s. 126-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a stochastic optimiser, the firefly algorithm (FA) has been successfully and widely used in the solutions to various optimisation problems. Recent related research shows that the standard FA does not sufficiently balance between exploration and exploitation. Especially in high-dimensional problems, it is easy for the standard FA to fall into the local optimum and lead to premature convergence. To overcome the problems as mentioned above, DMTgFA uses three strategies: dynamic step length setting strategy (DS), non-elite two-way guidance model (TG) and elites dimensional mutation strategy (DM). The dynamic step length setting strategy makes the algorithm convergence speed faster. The non-elite two-way guidance model and the elite dimensional mutation strategy cooperate to solve the balance problem between global search and local search. Experimental results show that DMTgFA has stronger optimisation ability and faster convergence speed than other state-of-the-art FA variants.
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| 5. |
- Wuttke, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:6, s. 957-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Li, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Trust based service selection in service oriented environment
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Web Services Research. - : IGI Global. - 1545-7362 .- 1546-5004. ; 9:3, s. 23-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a service-oriented environment, it is inevitable and indeed quite common to deal with web services, whose reliability is unknown to the users. The reputation system is a popular technique currently used for providing a global quality score of a service provider to requesters. However, such global information is far from sufficient for service requesters to choose the most qualified services. In order to tackle this problem, the authors present a trust based architecture containing a computational trust model for quantifying and comparing the trustworthiness of services. In this trust model, they firstly construct a network based on the direct trust relations between participants and rating similarity in service oriented environments, then propose an algorithm for propagating trust in the social network based environment which can produce personalized trust information for a specific service requester, and finally implement the trust model and simulate various malicious behaviors in not only dense but also sparse networks which can verify the attack-resistant and robustness of the proposed approach. The experiment results also demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach.
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| 10. |
- Yu, Zukun, et al.
(författare)
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A Recommender System Model Combining Trust with Topic Maps
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Wide Web: Internet and Web Information Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642374005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recommender Systems (RS) aim to suggest users with items that they might like based on users' opinion on items. In practice, information about the users' opinion on items is usually sparse compared to the vast information about users and items. Therefore it is hard to analyze and justify users' favorites, particularly those of cold start users. In this paper, we propose a trust model based on the user trust network, which is composed of the trust relationships among users. We also introduce the widely used conceptual model Topic Map, with which we try to classify items into topics for Recommender analysis. We novelly combine trust relations among users with Topic Maps to resolve the sparsity problem and cold start problem. The evaluation shows our model and method can achieve a good recommendation effect.
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