| 1. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Bauer, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 113, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p<0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bundred, Nigel J, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition does not improve the reduction in ductal carcinoma in situ proliferation with aromatase inhibitor therapy: results of the ERISAC randomized placebo-controlled trial.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 16:5, s. 1605-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tamoxifen reduces risk of recurrence after breast conservation surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but no data exists on the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors for DCIS. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in DCIS, representing another potential therapeutic target. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of aromatase and/or COX-2 inhibition on epithelial proliferation and apoptosis in a presurgical study of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive DCIS. Methods: Postmenopausal women with ER-positive DCIS diagnosed by core biopsy were randomized to a 2 x 2 design of either 14 days of exemestane or placebo and celecoxib, or placebo immediately before surgery. Paired baseline and end point biopsies were analyzed for proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), COX-2, and progesterone receptor (PR) expression by immunohistochemistry. The primary end point was a decrease in Ki67 between diagnosis and surgical excision.
|
|
| 4. |
- Castelli Dransart, Dolores Angela, et al.
(författare)
-
A systematic review of older adults’ request for or attitude toward euthanasia or assisted-suicide
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 25:3, s. 420-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Prevalence rates of death by euthanasia (EUT) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) have increased among older adults, and public debates on these practices are still taking place. In this context, it seemed important to conduct a systematic review of the predictors (demographic, physical health, psychological, social, quality of life, religious, or existential) associated with attitudes toward, wishes and requests for, as well as death by EUT/PAS among individuals aged 60years and over.Method: The search for quantitative studies in PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases was conducted three times from February 2016 until April 2018. Articles of probable relevance (n=327) were assessed for eligibility. Studies that only presented descriptive data (n=306) were excluded.Results: This review identified 21 studies with predictive analyses, but in only 4 did older adults face actual end-of-life decisions. Most studies (17) investigated attitudes toward EUT/PAS (9 through hypothetical scenarios). Younger age, lower religiosity, higher education, and higher socio-economic status were the most consistent predictors of endorsement of EUT/PAS. Findings were heterogeneous with regard to physical health, psychological, and social factors. Findings were difficult to compare across studies because of the variety of sample characteristics and outcomes measures.Conclusion: Future studies should adopt common and explicit definitions of EUT/PAS, as well as research designs (e.g. mixed longitudinal) that allow for better consideration of personal, social, and cultural factors, and their interplay, on EUT/PAS decisions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hagger, Martin S., et al.
(författare)
-
A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 11:4, s. 546-573
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a meta-analysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories (k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Moulin, Thiago, et al.
(författare)
-
The Drosophila melanogaster Levodopa-Induced Depression Model Exhibits Negative Geotaxis Deficits and Differential Gene Expression in Males and Females
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 320 million people live with depression in the world, a disorder that severely limits psychosocial functioning and diminishes quality of life. The prevalence of major depression is almost two times higher in women than in men. However, the molecular mechanisms of its sex-specific pathophysiology are still poorly understood. Drosophila melanogaster is an established model for neurobiological research of depression-like states, as well as for the study of molecular and genetic sex differences in the brain. Here, we investigated sex-specific effects on forced-climbing locomotion (negative geotaxis) and gene expression of a fly model of depression-like phenotypes induced by levodopa administration, which was previously shown to impair normal food intake, mating frequency, and serotonin concentration. We observed that both males and females show deficits in the forced-climbing paradigm; however, modulated by distinct gene expression patterns after levodopa administration. Our results suggest that Drosophila models can be a valuable tool for identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of depressive disorder prevalence between men and women.
|
|
| 9. |
- Padidela, Raja, et al.
(författare)
-
BUR-CL207 : An Open-label, Multicenter, Non-randomized Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Burosumab in Pediatric Patients from Birth to Less than 1 Year of Age with XLH
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : S. Karger. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 94:Suppl. 1, s. 226-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is caused by mutations in PHEX which increases serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations leading to phosphate wast-ing and osteomalacia. Burosumab is a recombinant fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody which selectively inhibits the activity of FGF23. In clinical trials burosumab demonstrated significant clinical improvements in radiological rickets severity, growth, and biochemistry among XLH children aged 1-12 years compared to those continuing on conventional therapy (Imel 2019). Buro-sumab is licensed by the European Medicines Agency for manage-ment of XLH in children >1 year. Early initiation of treatment in XLH improves height (Makitie 2003) and effective and sustained treatment improves dental and musculoskeletal outcomes. Study BUR-CL207 has been designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacology and efficacy of burosumab in pediatric patients <12 months.Methods: This study is enrolling and will include approxi-mately 20 XLH infants (<12 months old) with a confirmed PHEXmutation. Baseline fasted serum phosphate below the age-adjusted normal range is required for inclusion. Infants receiving conven-tional therapy will discontinue medications >1 week before com-mencing burosumab treatment and for the duration of study. This study comprises three cohorts with a total treatment period of up to 48 weeks. Subjects will be enrolled into a cohort dependent on their age. Cohorts 1 and 2 for subjects aged: ≥6 months to <12 months, and cohort 3 for subjects <6 months. Burosumab starting doses of 0.4 mg/kg (Cohorts 1 and 3) and 0.8 mg/kg (Cohort 2), administered every two weeks, will be studied in each subgroup in a staggered manner with up to 3 subjects per cohort (final num-ber per cohort will depend on age of eligible patients as enrolled). Burosumab dose adjustments will be determined by serum phos-phate levels. A Data Safety Monitoring Board will review data accrued in each cohort.Outcome Measurements: The primary endpoint is the safety of burosumab in pediatric patients <12 months. The secondary endpoints include: PK assessments and change from baseline in serum phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D, the clinical effects of buro-sumab on growth and prevention and/or healing of rickets and skeletal deformities. Exploratory endpoints include presence and appearance of bone and skeletal XLH related abnormalities in pediatric subjects starting treatment <12 months, anthropometric and motor development in pediatric subjects with XLH and char-acterizing the immunogenicity of burosumab following adminis-tration to pediatric subjects with XLH.BUR-CL207 is conducted in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, UK.
|
|
| 10. |
- Pignolo, Robert J., et al.
(författare)
-
Reduction of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in the open-label, phase 3 MOVE trial of palovarotene for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 38:3, s. 381-394
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare, severely disabling genetic disorder of progressive heterotopic ossification (HO). The single-arm, open-label, phase 3 MOVE trial (NCT03312634) assessed efficacy and safety of palovarotene, a selective retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist, in patients with FOP. Findings were compared with FOP natural history study (NHS; NCT02322255) participants untreated beyond standard of care. Patients aged ≥4 years received palovarotene once daily (chronic: 5 mg; flare-up: 20 mg for 4 weeks, then 10 mg for ≥8 weeks; weight-adjusted if skeletally immature). The primary endpoint was annualized change in new HO volume versus NHS participants (by low-dose whole-body computed tomography [WBCT]), analyzed using a Bayesian compound Poisson model (BcPM) with square-root transformation. Twelve-month interim analyses met futility criteria; dosing was paused. An independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended trial continuation. Post hoc 18-month interim analyses utilized BcPM with square-root transformation and HO data collapsed to equalize MOVE and NHS visit schedules, BcPM without transformation, and weighted linear mixed-effects (wLME) models, alongside prespecified analysis. Safety was assessed throughout. Eighteen-month interim analyses included 97 MOVE and 101 NHS individuals with post-baseline WBCT. BcPM analyses without transformation showed 99.4% probability of any reduction in new HO with palovarotene versus NHS participants (with transformation: 65.4%). Mean annualized new HO volume was 60% lower in MOVE versus the NHS. wLME results were similar (54% reduction fitted; nominal p = 0.039). All palovarotene-treated patients reported ≥1 adverse event (AE); 97.0% reported ≥1 retinoid-associated AE; 29.3% reported ≥1 serious AE, including premature physeal closure (PPC)/epiphyseal disorder in 21/57 (36.8%) patients aged <14 years. Post hoc computational analyses using WBCT showed decreased vertebral bone mineral density, content, and strength, and increased vertebral fracture risk in palovarotene-treated patients. Thus, post hoc analyses showed evidence for efficacy of palovarotene in reducing new HO in FOP, but high risk of PPC in skeletally immature patients.
|
|
