| 1. |
- Sarmiento, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Field strains of Echovirus 6 infect human endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells and induce pro-inflammatory innate immune responses.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing evidence suggests that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a combined endocrine-exocrine disease. Human enteroviruses (HEV) have been suggested to induce T1D, but so far evidence on HEV infection in human pancreas has been reported only in islets and ductal cells. Aim of this study was to investigate the capability of HEV strains to infect primary human endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells and to induce the expression of innate immunity genes in both cell types. Isolated human pancreatic islets and exocrine cells were either mock-infected or inoculated with seven field isolates of Echovirus 6 (E6). Beta-cell tropic strains of E4, E16 and E30 were assayed in primary exocrine cells. Viral infection, replication, virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and expression of innate immunity genes were measured. All the seven strains of E6 replicated in both pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells with infectious progeny production and appearance of CPE. By contrast, no virus titer increase or CPE were observed in exocrine cells exposed to E4, E16 and E30. Virus particles were found in E6-infected acinar cells, both free in cytoplasm and enclosed in vacuoles. Insulin granules accumulation in proximity to virus particles and beta cells functional impairment were demonstrated in E6-infected islets. Endocrine and exocrine cells responded to E6 infection by upregulating the transcription of genes involved in viral recognition (IF1H1), antiviral defense (OAS1, IFN-β) and inflammation (CXCL10, CCL5). Our results indicate that islets and exocrine pancreatic cells productively support the E6 infection and suggest that HEV-associated T1D may involve both endocrine and exocrine pancreas.
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| 2. |
- Sarmiento-Pérez, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Differential effects of three echovirus strains on cell lysis and insulin secretion in beta cell derived lines
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 88:6, s. 971-978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an earlier study, infection of human pancreatic islets with epidemic strains of echovirus (E4, E16, E30), with proven but differently ability to induce islet autoimmunity, resulted either in a severe damage (i.e., E16 and E30) or proceeded without visible changes in infected islets (i.e., E4). In this study, the ability of these strains to replicate in beta cells and the consequence of such an infection for beta cell lysis and beta cell function was studied in the pancreatic beta cell lines INS-1, MIN6, and NIT-1. The strains of E16 and E30 did replicate in INS1, MIN6, and NIT1 cells and resulted in a pronounced cytopathic effect within 3 days following infection. By contrast, E4 replicated in all examined insulinoma cells with no apparent cell destruction. The insulin release in response to high glucose stimulation was hampered in all infected cells (P<0.05) when no evidence of cytolysis was present; however, the adverse effect of E16 and E30 on insulin secretion appeared to be higher than that of the E4 strain. The differential effects of echovirus infection on cell lysis, and beta cell function in the rodent insulinoma INS1, MIN6, and NIT 1 cells reflect those previously obtained in primary human islets and support the notion that the insulinproducing beta cells can harbor a non-cytopathic viral infection.
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| 3. |
- Sarmiento-Pérez, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Echovirus 6 infects human exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells and induces pro-inflammatory innate immune response
- 2017
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human enteroviruses (HEV), especially coxsackievirus serotype B (CVB) and echovirus (E), have been associated with diseases of both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas, but so far evidence on HEV infection in human pancreas has been reported only in islets and ductal cells. This study aimed to investigate the capability of echovirus strains to infect human exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells. Infection of explanted human islets and exocrine cells with seven field strains of E6 caused cytopathic effect, virus titer increase and production of HEV protein VP1 in both cell types. Virus particles were found in islets and acinar cells infected with E6. No cytopathic effect or infectious progeny production was observed in exocrine cells exposed to the beta cell-tropic strains of E16 and E30. Endocrine cells responded to E6, E16 and E30 by upregulating the transcription of interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IF1H1), 2ʹ-5ʹ-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), interferon-β (IFN-β), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). Echovirus 6, but not E16 or E30, led to increased transcription of these genes in exocrine cells. These data demonstrate for the first time that human exocrine cells represent a target for E6 infection and suggest that certain HEV serotypes can replicate in human pancreatic exocrine cells, while the pancreatic endocrine cells are permissive to a wider range of HEV.
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| 4. |
- Sarmiento-Pérez, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of Innate Immunity Genes and Damage of Primary Human Pancreatic Islets by Epidemic Strains of Echovirus : Implication for Post-Virus Islet Autoimmunity
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:11, s. e77850-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three large-scale Echovirus (E) epidemics (E4, E16, E30), each differently associated to the acute development of diabetes related autoantibodies, have been documented in Cuba. The prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies was moderate during the E4 epidemic but high in the E16 and E30 epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of epidemic strains of echovirus on beta-cell lysis, beta-cell function and innate immunity gene expression in primary human pancreatic islets. Human islets from non-diabetic donors (n = 7) were infected with the virus strains E4, E16 and E30, all isolated from patients with aseptic meningitis who seroconverted to islet cell antibody positivity. Viral replication, degree of cytolysis, insulin release in response to high glucose as well as mRNA expression of innate immunity genes (IFN-b, RANTES, RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3 and OAS) were measured. The strains of E16 and E30 did replicate well in all islets examined, resulting in marked cytotoxic effects. E4 did not cause any effects on cell lysis, however it was able to replicate in 2 out of 7 islet donors. Beta-cell function was hampered in all infected islets (P<0.05); however the effect of E16 and E30 on insulin secretion appeared to be higher than the strain of E4. TLR3 and IFN-beta mRNA expression increased significantly following infection with E16 and E30 (P<0.033 and P<0.039 respectively). In contrast, the expression of none of the innate immunity genes studied was altered in E4-infected islets. These findings suggest that the extent of the epidemic-associated islet autoimmunity may depend on the ability of the viral strains to damage islet cells and induce pro-inflammatory innate immune responses within the infected islets.
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