| 1. |
- Bruce, Stephen J, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a protocol for metabolic profiling studies on human blood plasma by combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry : From extraction to data analysis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 372:2, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The investigation presented here describes a protocol designed to perform high-throughput metabolic profiling analysis on human blood plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS). To address whether a previous extraction protocol for gas chromatography (GC)/MS-based metabolic profiling of plasma could be used for UPLC/MS-based analysis, the original protocol was compared with similar methods for extraction of low-molecular-weight compounds from plasma via protein precipitation. Differences between extraction methods could be observed, but the previously published extraction method was considered the best. UPLC columns with three different stationary phases (C8, C18, and phenyl) were used in identical experimental runs consisting of a total of 60 injections of extracted male and female plasma samples. The C8 column was determined to be the best for metabolic profiling analysis on plasma. The acquired UPLC/MS data of extracted male and female plasma samples was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA). Furthermore, a strategy for compound identification was applied here, demonstrating the strength of high-mass-accuracy time-of-flight (TOF)/MS analysis in metabolic profiling.
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| 2. |
- Clayton, T. Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaco-metabonomic phenotyping and personalized drug treatment.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 440:7087, s. 1073-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a clear case for drug treatments to be selected according to the characteristics of an individual patient, in order to improve efficacy and reduce the number and severity of adverse drug reactions. However, such personalization of drug treatments requires the ability to predict how different individuals will respond to a particular drug/dose combination. After initial optimism, there is increasing recognition of the limitations of the pharmacogenomic approach, which does not take account of important environmental influences on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. For instance, a major factor underlying inter-individual variation in drug effects is variation in metabolic phenotype, which is influenced not only by genotype but also by environmental factors such as nutritional status, the gut microbiota, age, disease and the co- or pre-administration of other drugs. Thus, although genetic variation is clearly important, it seems unlikely that personalized drug therapy will be enabled for a wide range of major diseases using genomic knowledge alone. Here we describe an alternative and conceptually new 'pharmaco-metabonomic' approach to personalizing drug treatment, which uses a combination of pre-dose metabolite profiling and chemometrics to model and predict the responses of individual subjects. We provide proof-of-principle for this new approach, which is sensitive to both genetic and environmental influences, with a study of paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered to rats. We show pre-dose prediction of an aspect of the urinary drug metabolite profile and an association between pre-dose urinary composition and the extent of liver damage sustained after paracetamol administration.
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