| 1. |
- Downey, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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Training future generations to deliver evidence-based conservation and ecosystem management
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : Wiley. - 2688-8319. ; 2:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence-based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis.2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an effective contribution to conservation practice.3. To help overcome this problem we have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that are stored in Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117 educators from 23 countries have acknowledged the importance of this and are already teaching or about to teach skills in appraising or using evidence in conservation decision-making. This includes 145 undergraduate, postgraduate or professional development courses.4. We call for wider teaching of the tools and skills that facilitate evidence-based conservation and also suggest that providing online teaching materials in multiple languages could be beneficial for improving global understanding of other subject areas.
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| 2. |
- Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
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| 3. |
- Fisher, J., et al.
(författare)
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Community, work, and family in times of COVID-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Community, Work and Family. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 23:3, s. 247-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are living in challenging and uncertain times. At the time this article was edited, there were already more than 2.4 million confirmed cases of the corona virus (COVID-19) (World Health Organization, 2020). Nearly every country across the globe is struggling to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus and limit its health, societal, and economic consequences. The full impact on community, work, family, and its intersections is not yet clear. As the Editorial Board of Community, Work & Family, we share a deep concern for the potential impact of this global health pandemic. We similarly stand in awe to all the communities, workers, and families doing their utmost to combat it.In this article, we do not attempt to provide definitive answers or even recommendations to address the problems we are witnessing. We do, however, feel the need to raise a collective voice about the significant potential for increased inequality. COVID-19 is not a great leveler. In all likelihood, COVID-19 will exacerbate existing inequalities, both in its immediate consequences resulting from the drastic measures taken to contain its spread, as well as its potential long-term consequences. These inequalities may take many forms. We highlight a number of them here as they relate to this journal’s focus on community, work, and family.
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| 4. |
- Basevitch, Itay, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual-Cognitive Processes in Basketball—Individual and Team Aspects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Basketball Sports Medicine and Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783662610695 - 9783662610701 ; , s. 995-1004
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of psychological processes in team sports has been studied extensively. The chapter focuses on the psychological factors that are unique to basketball. These factors include the following: (a) free throw shooting—examining the role of gaze behavior in enhancing shooting percentages, (b) “the hot hand”—the underlying mechanisms leading to a “hot streak,” (c) clutch performance under pressure—why some players choke in critical game situations while others flourish, and (d) team decision-making—team performance as a unit which operates with optimal coordination and communication. This chapter consists of research findings and theoretical insights to capture the mechanisms leading to enhanced psychological skills and expert performance. Furthermore, this chapter provides guidelines for improving performance by transferring the knowledge gained from research to the applied domain. General psychological skills such as preperformance routine, decision-making, and attention are examined throughout the chapter. A final summary of findings including limitations in the current literature and future directions to enhance the domain are provided.
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| 5. |
- Flores, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Politicians polarize and experts depolarize public support for COVID-19 management policies across countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political polarization impeded public support for policies to reduce the spread of COVID-19, much as polarization hinders responses to other contemporary challenges. Unlike previous theory and research that focused on the United States, the present research examined the effects of political elite cues and affective polarization on support for policies to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in seven countries (n = 12,955): Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Across countries, cues from political elites polarized public attitudes toward COVID-19 policies. Liberal and conservative respondents supported policies proposed by ingroup politicians and parties more than the same policies from outgroup politicians and parties. Respondents disliked, distrusted, and felt cold toward outgroup political elites, whereas they liked, trusted, and felt warm toward both ingroup political elites and nonpartisan experts. This affective polarization was correlated with policy support. These findings imply that policies from bipartisan coalitions and nonpartisan experts would be less polarizing, enjoying broader public support. Indeed, across countries, policies from bipartisan coalitions and experts were more widely supported. A follow-up experiment replicated these findings among US respondents considering international vaccine distribution policies. The polarizing effects of partisan elites and affective polarization emerged across nations that vary in cultures, ideologies, and political systems. Contrary to some propositions, the United States was not exceptionally polarized. Rather, these results suggest that polarizing processes emerged simply from categorizing people into political ingroups and outgroups. Political elites drive polarization globally, but nonpartisan experts can help resolve the conflicts that arise from it.
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| 6. |
- Partelow, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Aquaculture governance : five engagement arenas for sustainability transformation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A greater focus on governance is needed to facilitate effective and substantive progress toward sustainability transformations in the aquaculture sector. Concerted governance efforts can help move the sector beyond fragmented technical questions associated with intensification and expansion, social and environmental impacts, and toward system-based approaches that address interconnected sustainability issues. Through a review and expert-elicitation process, we identify five engagement arenas to advance a governance agenda for aquaculture sustainability transformation: (1) setting sustainability transformation goals, (2) cross-sectoral linkages, (3) land–water–sea connectivity, (4) knowledge and innovation, and (5) value chains. We then outline the roles different actors and modes of governance can play in fostering sustainability transformations, and discuss action items for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to operationalize activities within their engagement arenas.
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| 7. |
- Seanor, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Catch the feeling of Flying : Guided walks through a trampoline Olympic development environment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology. - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 2470-4849 .- 2470-4857. ; 3:1, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olympic podium performances represent peak accomplishments in athletes’ developments. Seanor, Schinke, Stambulova, Ross, and Kpazai (2017) identified environmental factors within a high-performance Canadian trampoline sport environment that developed decorated Olympic medalists. The current intrinsic case study was authored to further highlight the idiosyncrasies of a high-performance trampoline environment (re)presenting stories garnered from within this localized Canadian sport environment. Through guided walks, a mobile method of conversational interviews, three contextual experts engaged in Olympic athlete development provided tours of their sport environment. Each contextual expert’s guided walk played out uniquely inrelation to their ascribed role (i.e., Olympic coach, Assistant coach and Olympic champion). Three main themes were identified through interpretive thematic analysis: 1) creating lift (sub-themes: facility design; sport culture paragons), 2) providing a tailwind (sub-themes: establishing athlete-coach partnerships; team interactions), and 3) soaring onto the Olympic podium (sub-themes: preparing athletes to be untethered; competitive collaboration). Each theme is presented through three portrait vignettes, with discrete vantages derived from each contextual expert to illuminate the context from idiosyncratic ascribed roles within the environment. These stories create a fulsome (re)presentation of a high-performance sport environment through the interplay of the contextual experts’ narratives, their surrounding context, and their Olympic podium accomplishments.
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