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- Bethlehem, RAI, et al.
(författare)
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Brain charts for the human lifespan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 604:7906, s. 525-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Atiomo, William, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) is increased in the endometrium of women with endometrial cancer and women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 87:5, s. 557-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Women with a prior history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of endometrial cancer (EC). Aim: To investigate whether the endometrium of women with PCOS possesses gene expression changes similar to those found in EC. Design and Methods: Patients with EC, PCOS and control women unaffected by either PCOS or EC were recruited into a cross-sectional study at the Nottingham University Hospital, UK. For RNA sequencing, representative individual endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with EC, PCOS and a woman unaffected by PCOS or EC. Expression of a subset of differentially expressed genes identified by RNA sequencing, including NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR validation (n = 76) and in the cancer genome atlas UCEC (uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma) RNA sequencing data set (n = 381). The expression of NQO1 was validated by immunohistochemistry in EC samples from a separate cohort (n = 91) comprised of consecutive patients who underwent hysterectomy at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, between 2011 and 2013. A further 6 postmenopausal women with histologically normal endometrium who underwent hysterectomy for genital prolapse were also included. Informed consent and local ethics approval were obtained for the study. Results: We show for the first that NQO1 expression is significantly increased in the endometrium of women with PCOS and EC. Immunohistochemistry confirms significantly increased NQO1 protein expression in EC relative to nonmalignant endometrial tissue (P < .0001). Conclusions: The results obtained here support a previously unrecognized molecular link between PCOS and EC involving NQO1.
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| 4. |
- Gagliardi, F. M., et al.
(författare)
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Intra-cavitary dosimetry for IMRT head and neck treatment using thermoluminescent dosimeters in a naso-oesophageal tube
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 54:12, s. 3649-3657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans require rigorous quality assurance tests. The aim of this study was to independently verify the delivered dose inside the patient in the region of the treatment site. A flexible naso-gastric tube containing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) was inserted into the oesophagus via the sinus cavity before the patient's first treatment. Lead markers were also inserted into the tube in order that the TLD positions could be accurately determined from the lateral and anterior posterior electronic portal images taken prior to treatment. The measured dose was corrected for both daily linac output variations and the estimated dose received from the portal images. The predicted dose for each TLD was determined from the treatment planning system and compared to the measured TLD doses. The results comprise 431 TLD measurements on 43 patients. The mean measured-to-predicted dose ratio was 0.988 +/- 0.011 (95% confidence interval) for measured doses above 0.2 Gy. There was a variation in this ratio when the measurements were separated into low dose (0.2-1.0 Gy), medium dose (1.0-1.8 Gy) and high dose (> 1.8 Gy) measurements. The TLD-loaded, naso-oesophageal tube for in vivo dose verification is straightforward to implement, and well tolerated by patients. It provides independent reassurance of the delivered dose for head and neck IMRT.
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