| 1. |
- Cummings, Greta G, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of organizational characteristics and context on research utilization
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nursing Research. - 0029-6562 .- 1538-9847. ; 56:4 Suppl, s. 24-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite three decades of empirical investigation into research utilization and a renewed emphasis on evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practice in the past decade, understanding of factors influencing research uptake in nursing remains limited. There is, however, increased awareness that organizational influences are important.OBJECTIVES: To develop and test a theoretical model of organizational influences that predict research utilization by nurses and to assess the influence of varying degrees of context, based on the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework, on research utilization and other variables.METHODS: The study sample was drawn from a census of registered nurses working in acute care hospitals in Alberta, Canada, accessed through their professional licensing body (n = 6,526 nurses; 52.8% response rate). Three variables that measured PARIHS dimensions of context (culture, leadership, and evaluation) were used to sort cases into one of four mutually exclusive data sets that reflected less positive to more positive context. Then, a theoretical model of hospital- and unit-level influences on research utilization was developed and tested, using structural equation modeling, and 300 cases were randomly selected from each of the four data sets.RESULTS: Model test results were as follows--low context: chi2= 124.5, df = 80, p <. 001; partially low: chi2= 144.2, p <. 001, df = 80; partially high: chi2= 157.3, df = 80, p <. 001; and partially low: chi2= 146.0, df = 80, p <. 001. Hospital characteristics that positively influenced research utilization by nurses were staff development, opportunity for nurse-to-nurse collaboration, and staffing and support services. Increased emotional exhaustion led to less reported research utilization and higher rates of patient and nurse adverse events. Nurses working in contexts with more positive culture, leadership, and evaluation also reported significantly more research utilization, staff development, and lower rates of patient and staff adverse events than did nurses working in less positive contexts (i.e., those that lacked positive culture, leadership, or evaluation).CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the combined importance of culture, leadership, and evaluation to increase research utilization and improve patient safety. The findings may serve to strengthen the PARIHS framework and to suggest that, although it is not fully developed, the framework is an appropriate guide to implement research into practice.
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| 2. |
- Estabrooks, Carole A, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting research use in nursing organizations : a multilevel analysis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nursing Research. - 0029-6562 .- 1538-9847. ; 56:4 Suppl, s. 7-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: No empirical literature was found that explained how organizational context (operationalized as a composite of leadership, culture, and evaluation) influences research utilization. Similarly, no work was found on the interaction of individuals and contextual factors, or the relative importance or contribution of forces at different organizational levels to either such proposed interactions or, ultimately, to research utilization.OBJECTIVE: To determine independent factors that predict research utilization among nurses, taking into account influences at individual nurse, specialty, and hospital levels.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data for 4,421 registered nurses in Alberta, Canada were used in a series of multilevel (three levels) modeling analyses to predict research utilization.METHODS: A multilevel model was developed in MLwiN version 2.0 and used to: (a) estimate simultaneous effects of several predictors and (b) quantify the amount of explained variance in research utilization that could be apportioned to individual, specialty, and hospital levels.FINDINGS: There was significant variation in research utilization (p <.05). Factors (remaining in the final model at statistically significant levels) found to predict more research utilization at the three levels of analysis were as follows. At the individual nurse level (Level 1): time spent on the Internet and lower levels of emotional exhaustion. At the specialty level (Level 2): facilitation, nurse-to-nurse collaboration, a higher context (i.e., of nursing culture, leadership, and evaluation), and perceived ability to control policy. At the hospital level (Level 3): only hospital size was significant in the final model. The total variance in research utilization was 1.04, and the intraclass correlations (the percent contribution by contextual factors) were 4% (variance = 0.04, p <.01) at the hospital level and 8% (variance = 0.09, p <.05) at the specialty level. The contribution attributable to individual factors alone was 87% (variance = 0.91, p <.01).CONCLUSIONS: Variation in research utilization was explained mainly by differences in individual characteristics, with specialty- and organizational-level factors contributing relatively little by comparison. Among hospital-level factors, hospital size was the only significant determinant of research utilization. Although organizational determinants explained less variance in the model, they were still statistically significant when analyzed alone. These findings suggest that investigations into mechanisms that influence research utilization must address influences at multiple levels of the organization. Such investigations will require careful attention to both methodological and interpretative challenges present when dealing with multiple units of analysis.
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| 3. |
- Meijers, Judith M M, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the relationships between contextual factors and research utilization in nursing : systematic literature review
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 55:5, s. 622-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper reports a systematic literature review examining relationships between contextual factors and research utilization in nursing, examining the strength of these relationships, and mapping the contextual factors to the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services model of research implementation.BACKGROUND: Healthcare organizations have long struggled with how to improve clinical care outcomes. Understanding which contextual factors enhance nursing research utilization may support organizations in creating environments that facilitate the uptake of evidence in nursing practice to improve these outcomes.METHODS: A search of five electronic bibliographic databases and a manual search of specific journals were conducted for studies that were published in English and examined contextual factors as independent variables and research utilization as the dependent variable from the perspective of nurses working in clinical practice. The studies were assessed for quality of design, sample, measurement and statistical analysis.RESULTS: Ten papers met the search criteria. Six contextual factors were identified as having a statistically significant relationship with research utilization, namely the role of the nurse, multi-faceted access to resources, organizational climate, multi-faceted support, time for research activities and provision of education. The contextual factors could successfully be mapped to the dimensions of context in the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework (context, culture, leadership), with the exception of evaluation.CONCLUSION: The strength of the relationship between the six contextual factors and research utilization by nurses is still largely unknown as (a) few studies were found of sufficient quality because of methodological limitations and (b) the results in reviewed studies were mixed. More robust methods in future work would yield a better understanding of the full impact of contextual factors on nurses' use of research.
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| 4. |
- Midodzi, William K, et al.
(författare)
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An alternative approach to addressing missing indicators in parallel datasets : research utilization as a phantom latent variable
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nursing Research. - 0029-6562 .- 1538-9847. ; 56:4 Suppl, s. 47-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When doing secondary data analysis, it is not uncommon to find that a key variable was not measured. Often the researcher has no option but to do without the missing indicator, but when nearly parallel datasets exist, the researcher may have other options. In an earlier article leading up to this special issue, this research team was confronted with the problem that research utilization had been measured in only one of two similar datasets, namely, in the 1996 but not the 1998 Alberta Registered Nurse survey. The 1998 dataset had a larger sample size (6,526 compared to 600 nurse respondents in 1996) and a stronger set of measured variables, but was missing the key variable of interest--research utilization. To overcome this, a regression-based strategy was used to create a research utilization score for each nurse in the 1998 survey by exploiting the availability of several anticipated causes of research utilization in both datasets. Presented here is an alternative and more complicated procedure that might be applied in future investigations. The article presents a methodological understanding of how to use a phantom variable to account for the unmeasured research utilization variable in a two-group structural equation model. This approach could be used to overcome several of the limitations connected to using a regression-based approach to creating a key missing variable when nearly parallel datasets are available.
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| 5. |
- Wallin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a derived measure of research utilization by nurses
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0029-6562 .- 1538-9847. ; 55:3, s. 149-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Theoretical models are needed to guide strategies for the implementation of research into clinical practice. To develop and test such models, including analyses of complex theoretical constructs and causal relationships, rich datasets are needed. Working with existing datasets may mean that important variables are lacking.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to derive a nursing research utilization variable and validate it using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) conceptual framework on research implementation.METHODS: This study was based on data from two surveys of registered nurses. The first survey (1996; N = 600) contained robust research utilization variables but few organizational variables. The second (1998; N = 6,526) was rich in organizational variables but contained no research utilization variables. A linear regression model with predictors common to both datasets was used to derive a research utilization variable in the 1998 dataset. To validate these scores, four separate procedures based on the hypothesis of a positive relationship between context and research utilization were completed. Mutually exclusive groups reflecting various levels of context were created to accomplish these procedures.RESULTS: The derived research utilization variable was successfully mapped onto the cases in the 1998 dataset. The derived scores ranged from 0.21 to 21.40, with a mean of 10.85 (SD = 3.23). The mean score per subgroup ranged from 8.28 for the lowest context group to 12.75 for the highest context group. One of the validation procedures showed that significant differences in mean research utilization existed only among four conceptually unique context groups (p < .001). These groups showed a positive incremental relationship in research utilization (p < .001; the better the context, the higher the research utilization score). The validity of the derived variable was supported by using the three remaining validation procedures.DISCUSSION: The successful creation and validation of a derived research utilization variable will enable advanced modeling of the relationships between research utilization and individual and organizational characteristics. The findings also support the construct validity of the context element of the PARIHS theoretical framework.
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