| 1. |
- Blankenau, I., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of body height estimated by different proxy measures in Swedish older adults
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 40 per cent of older adults living at home are at risk of malnutrition. To detect this condition, body mass index is often used as a tool. The standard way of measuring body height is in a standing position. Height decreases with age and further, many older adults are not physically capable to undergo standing height measures. As height is one of the components in BMI it can be affected by body height decrease which in turn will affect the estimated prevalence of malnutrition risk. There are many different ways to estimate height by proxy measures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proxy measurements could prove to be useful when estimating height in Swedish community-dwelling older adults. Home visits were made to 51 men and 51 women, who had participated in the randomized, single-blinded health-promoting intervention study, Elderly in the Risk Zone, living in the urban district Örgryte-Härlanda in Gothenburg, Sweden. Body weight, standing height, recumbent height, knee-height and demi-span was measured. An interview was also conducted, retrieving information regarding e.g. height around 20 years of age. T-test and Wilcoxon rank tests were performed and to further examine the results regression analyses and Bland & Altman-plots were conducted. The result showed that between 20 years of age to present age the men had decreased, in body height, on average 3,8 cm and the women 4,9 cm. In both the regression analysis and in the Bland & Altman plots, recumbent height and youth height seem to best conform to standing measured height. In the men, a negative correlation was found between the difference standing and knee-height measure of body height compared to mean values of the two measures in the Bland & Altman plots, though it was the only measurement that did not show any group mean statistical significant difference from standing height by t-test. No negative or positive correlation was seen in the women by the Bland & Altman plots. Demi-span gave an underestimation of body height in both genders. The present results show that body height seems to decrease with age and that besides standing, the best proxy measure is recumbent height otherwise that right knee-height could be used. Different height measurements could affect the BMI classification. Though we need to learn more about what affects the height decrease with age and what proxy measures are reliable. It would be desirable that a larger study would be conducted.
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| 2. |
- Blankenau, I., et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of body height estimated by different proxy measures in Swedish older adults
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Approximately 40 per cent of older adults living at home are at risk of malnutrition. To detect this condition, body mass index is often used as a tool. The standard way of measuring body height is in a standing position. Height decreases with age and further, many older adults are not physically capable to undergo standing height measures. As height is one of the components in BMI it can be affected by body height decrease which in turn will affect the estimated prevalence of malnutrition risk. There are many different ways to estimate height by proxy measures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proxy measurements could prove to be useful when estimating height in Swedish community-dwelling older adults. Home visits were made to 51 men and 51 women, who had participated in the randomized, single-blinded health-promoting intervention study, Elderly in the Risk Zone, living in the urban district Örgryte-Härlanda in Gothenburg, Sweden. Body weight, standing height, recumbent height, knee-height and demi-span was measured. An interview was also conducted, retrieving information regarding e.g. height around 20 years of age. T-test and Wilcoxon rank tests were performed and to further examine the results regression analyses and Bland & Altman-plots were conducted. The result showed that between 20 years of age to present age the men had decreased, in body height, on average 3,8 cm and the women 4,9 cm. In both the regression analysis and in the Bland & Altman plots, recumbent height and youth height seem to best conform to standing measured height. In the men, a negative correlation was found between the difference standing and knee-height measure of body height compared to mean values of the two measures in the Bland & Altman plots, though it was the only measurement that did not show any group mean statistical significant difference from standing height by t-test. No negative or positive correlation was seen in the women by the Bland & Altman plots. Demi-span gave an underestimation of body height in both genders. The present results show that body height seems to decrease with age and that besides standing, the best proxy measure is recumbent height otherwise that right knee-height could be used. Different height measurements could affect the BMI classification. Though we need to learn more about what affects the height decrease with age and what proxy measures are reliable. It would be desirable that a larger study would be conducted.
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| 3. |
- Johannesson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in practice : knowledge and attitudes regarding food habits and meal patterns among community dwelling older adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice. - 2273-421X. ; 5:4, s. 220-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study gender differences in older adults according to practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding food habits and meal patterns. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two urban districts of Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants: A total of 297 individuals were included, 102 men and 195 women. They were 80 years or older and living in ordinary housing without being dependent upon the municipal home help services or help from another person in Activities of Daily Life, and cognitively intact, defined as having a score of 25 or higher in the Mini Mental State Examination. Measurements: Telephone interviews regarding food habits and meal patterns were conducted. Results: Almost all participants (99%) ate their main meal at home and men preferred company at meals more often (p<0.001). Women had the sole responsibility to shop for food more often (p<0.000), and generally regarded cooking as a routine or something they just had to do. Among men, few (13%) took a great interest in cooking and 36 % of the men stated that cooking was something they were not capable of performing (p<0.000). Men had company at meals every day more often (71% vs 40%). Respondents stated that loneliness took away the enjoyment of cooking and changed their habits when becoming a widow or widower. Conclusion: Women take greater responsibility for the household than men, regardless of marital status. A large proportion of the men thought cooking was something they were not able to do. The findings in this study may indicate a possible gender difference in the need for societal support.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lindblad, A, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden, a cross-sectional study
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Frailty & Aging. - 2260-1341. ; 3:1, s. 65-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.
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| 7. |
- Lindblad, A, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden, a cross-sectional study
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of frailty & aging. - : Serdi Publishing Company. - 2260-1341 .- 2273-4309. ; 3:1, s. 65-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population. Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12). Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoftet al 2010). Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.
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| 8. |
- Lindblad, A., et al.
(författare)
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Body Composition in Relation to Physical Function in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Sweden : A Cross-Sectional Study
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The expression older adult refers to a person who is 65 years and older. This part of the population has increased over the past decades, and is expected to increase further, by almost 70 % over the next 90 years. Muscle mass decreases with increasing age which affects physical function and nutritional status. Age also result in increased risk of diseases that can affect the muscle mass negatively. Measurement of body composition provides information of nutritional status and indications of physical function. Reference values from healthy older adults are required as a comparison when assessing body composition, nutritional status & physical function in different groups of older adults. Objective: To study physical function in relation to body composition in an apparently healthy elderly Swedish population. Methods: One hundred community-dwelling men and women were visited. The study population was part of the project Elderly in the Risk Zone, conducted in Gothenburg with people 80 years and older within the city district Örgryte-Härlanda. Inclusion criteria in this study were those remaining after two years of follow-up, still living within the area in their own home. Exclusion criteria were pacemaker, fractures, amputation, paralysis, dementia and recent or ongoing influenza or calici. The participants answered a few questions and preformed a series of tests to determine physical function and autonomy. Height and weight were measured, as well as body composition using a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). The main study Elderly in the Risk Zone was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg (Dnr 650-07). This study was approved as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12). Results: Mean age was 86.5 years. Men and women performed equally well at the Standing-up-test and there were no difference in BMI between sexes. Men were significantly heavier, taller, stronger, and had more TBW, ECW, ICW and FFM than women. Out of the whole population, nineteen percent had low FFMI, no one with concurrent low FMI, although three men had low FFMI with high FMI. Fifteen percent were underweight according to BMI. Conclusion: The older adults in Örgryte-Härlanda show adequate physical function indicated by FFM and better hand grip strength in comparison to previous studies. Physical function appears to be more associated with body composition than chronological age. Combined measurements of body composition and hand grip strength seem to be efficient methods for assessing physical function in community-dwelling older adults.
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| 9. |
- Lindblad, A., et al.
(författare)
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Body Composition in Relation to Physical Function in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Sweden : A Cross-Sectional Study
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The expression older adult refers to a person who is 65 years and older. This part of the population has increased over the past decades, and is expected to increase further, by almost 70 % over the next 90 years. Muscle mass decreases with increasing age which affects physical function and nutritional status. Age also result in increased risk of diseases that can affect the muscle mass negatively. Measurement of body composition provides information of nutritional status and indications of physical function. Reference values from healthy older adults are required as a comparison when assessing body composition, nutritional status & physical function in different groups of older adults. Objective: To study physical function in relation to body composition in an apparently healthy elderly Swedish population. Methods: One hundred community-dwelling men and women were visited. The study population was part of the project Elderly in the Risk Zone, conducted in Gothenburg with people 80 years and olderwithin the city district Örgryte-Härlanda. Inclusion criteria in this study were those remaining after two years of follow-up, still living within the area in their own home. Exclusion criteria were pacemaker, fractures, amputation, paralysis, dementia and recent or ongoing influenza or calici. The participants answered a few questions and preformed a series of tests to determine physical function and autonomy. Height and weight were measured, as well as body composition using a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). The main study Elderly in the Risk Zone was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg (Dnr 650-07). This study was approved as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12). Results: Mean age was 86.5 years. Men and women performed equally well at the Standing-up-test and there were no difference in BMI between sexes. Men were significantly heavier, taller, stronger, and had more TBW, ECW, ICW and FFM than women. Out of the whole population, nineteen percent had low FFMI, no one with concurrent low FMI, although three men had low FFMI with high FMI. Fifteen percent were underweight according to BMI. Conclusion: The older adults in Örgryte-Härlanda show adequate physical function indicated by FFM and better hand grip strength in comparison to previous studies. Physical function appears to be more associated with body composition than chronological age. Combined measurements of body composition and hand grip strength seem to be efficient methods for assessing physical function in community-dwelling older adults.
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