| 1. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a questionnaire assessing work-related stress in women - identifying individuals who risk being put on sick leave.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Disability and rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 31:4, s. 284-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. To develop a self-administered questionnaire assessing work-related stress in women, aiming to identify individuals that risk long-term sick leave, and to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Method. The study was carried out in two phases. The initial phase was to construct the questionnaire and to confirm its face validity. The second phase was to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Results. The questionnaire was constructed from an empirical standpoint and based on a qualitative study. Two main themes were identified: One was related to factors at work and the other to the persons themselves. Eight categories were recognized from these themes and questions were constructed. A pilot group confirmed the validity of the questions. A first version of the questionnaire was subjected to test-retest analysis and all unstable items were improved. The reliability of the revised version was satisfactory. Conclusions. A simple questionnaire, containing 20 questions assessing work-related stress in women, with the purpose of identifying individuals that risk long-term sick leave was developed. The questionnaire was found to have good face validity and high reliability. Since there is a need for preventive methods in identifying individuals that risk being put on sick leave, this questionnaire can be a useful tool for health professionals.
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| 2. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of work-related stress, and its association to self perceived health and sick leave, in a cohort of employed Swedish women, in 2004 – 2005
- 2008
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Ingår i: Eur J Public Health. ; 18, s. 130-223
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In order to determine the need for preventive steps decreasing the development of sick leave in women it is of great concern to know more about women’s work-related stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of work-related stress and its association with self perceived health and sick leave in a population of employed Swedish women. Methods: This cross-sectional population study of women comprised 424 employed, working women who answered questionnaires concerning work-related stress, self perceived health and sick leave. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated in order to analyze the association between the exposure variables of work-related stress and outcome variables of ill health symptoms, self-rated health and sick leave. Results: Ten percent of the entire group reported an overall high perceived stress due to organization and conflicts and 25% an overall high perceived stress due to individual demands and commitment. Twenty-two percent reported low influence at work and 33 % reported work to spare time interference. All categories of work-related stress was significantly associated with an increased odds of high level of symptoms of ill health, with the highest OR for high perceived stress due to organization and conflicts and perceived stress due to individual demands and commitment with an OR of 3.17 (1.51 – 6.62 ) and 4.53 (2.71 – 7.56) respectively. High perceived stress due to organization and conflicts and low influence at work was significantly associated with sick leave with an OR of 3.85 (CI=1.59 – 9.30) and 2.54 (CI=1.17 – 5.48) respectively. Conclusions: There was a strong association between on one hand work-related stress, on the other symptoms of illness and sick leave. These findings give us an implication that work-related stress is an important public health issue among a general population of Swedish employed women.
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| 3. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of work-related stress, and its association with self-perceived health and sick-leave, in a population of employed Swedish women.
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC public health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Women report more occupational ill-health and are more sick-listed than men. Exploration of women's working conditions would therefore seem to be valuable. In this study we investigated the prevalence of work-related stress and its association with self-perceived health and sick-leave in a population of employed, working Swedish women. METHODS: This cross-sectional population study comprised 424 employed, working women who answered questionnaires on work-related stress, self-perceived health and sick-leave. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated in order to analyse the association between the exposure variables of work-related stress and outcome variables of ill-health symptoms, self-rated health and sick-leave. RESULTS: Ten percent of the group reported high perceived stress owing to indistinct organisation and conflicts, and 25% high perceived stress owing to individual demands and commitment. Twenty-two percent reported low influence at work and 33% reported work interference with leisure time. All categories of overall work-related stress were significantly associated with increased odds of high level of illness symptoms, with the highest OR for high perceived stress owing to indistinct organisation and conflicts and high perceived stress owing to individual demands and commitment with an OR of 3.17 (CI = 1.51-6.62) and 4.53 (CI = 2.71-7.56) respectively. High perceived stress owing to indistinct organisation and conflicts and low influence at work were significantly associated with sick-leave with an OR of 3.85 (CI = 1.59-9.30) and 2.54 (CI = 1.17-5.48) respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed an association between, on the one hand, work-related stress, and on the other hand, illness symptoms and sick-leave. Distinguishing between the occurrence of negative work characteristics, and the immediate perception of stress because of these, resulted in a broad view of women's working conditions and expanded knowledge of work-related stress in women.
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| 4. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av ett frågeformulär som mäter arbetsrelaterad stress hos kvinnor och test av dess reliabilitet
- 2007
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Ingår i: AT-forums abstraktsamling 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presentation av WSQ - ett frågeformulär som mäter arbetsrelaterad stress hos kvinnor Stress relaterad till arbetet har i flera studier kopplats såväl till fysiska och psykiska symptom som till ökad sjukskrivning. I Sverige är sjukskrivningsnivån fortfarande mycket hög och det är i majoritet kvinnor som är sjukskrivna. I en tidigare kvalitativ studie beskrev kvinnor sjukskrivna för arbetsrelaterad stress vägen till sjukskrivning som en process. Kvinnorna berättade att kombinationen av otydlig organisation och ledarskap, ökad arbetsbelastning, lågt inflytande och olösta konflikter, tillsammans med personlighetsfaktorer, som att ställa höga krav på sig själva, att inte kunna sätta gränser och att ta stort ansvar för arbetet ledde till en total utmattning med långtidssjukskrivning som följd. För att dels kunna kartlägga behovet av rehabilitering, dels utvärdera rehabiliterande åtgärder är det angeläget att ha ett instrument som fångar upp arbetsrelaterad stress hos kvinnor i arbetsför ålder. Syftet med den här studien var att utveckla ett frågeformulär som mäter arbetsrelaterad stress hos kvinnor och att testa formulärets reliabilitet. Utifrån den ovan beskrivna kvalitativa studien utvecklades ett multidimensionellt frågeformulär. Två huvuddimensioner med vardera fyra underkategorier identifierades. Huvuddimensionerna innehåller dels faktorer relaterade till arbetet, dels faktorer relaterade till personen. Frågeformuläret består totalt av 21 frågor, varav 14 har följdfrågan: ”Upplever du det som stressande?” Mätnivån är ordnade kategoridata. Den statistiska analysen visade att frågeformulärets reliabilitet var god.
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