| 1. |
- Dahlén, Ewa
(author)
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Rektorn och den dubbla styrningen : en studie om gymnasierektors uppdrag i styrkedjan
- 2023
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In a global education policy context, school leadership has grown in importance in relation to improving school outcomes as well as equity in education. At the same time, during the last decades, the Swedish school system has undergone several large-scale national education reforms. Reforms that have changed the relations between the different levels in the decentralised Swedish school system and at the same time created debates about the purpose and goals of the school system. These debates are based in different perspectives and shaped by various school discourses. The result discourse connected to the perspective of marketization and the democratic discourse connected to the perspective of social inclusion and equality. These are two central discourses who proclaim different views on how challenges within the school system should best be solved. The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge about the mission and responsibilities of principals in upper secondary schools in the Swedish school system. The study takes its point of departure in observations of follow-up meetings between principals within upper secondary schools and the local education authority (LEA). This study has three theoretical contributions. The first contribution concerns knowledge of the principal’s mission, assignment, and work tasks. The second contribution is knowledge of how the result discourse and the democratic discourse are used in conversations about the principal’s mission, assignment, and work tasks. The third contribution is knowledge of the interaction between the principal and the LEA, different levels in the decentralised Swedish school system, in the context of follow-up meetings. The results show that LEAs describe the principal’s mission in three parts – economy, administration, and pedagogy. The two discourses are used in all three of the missions where they sometimes collide, creating a discursive conflict and sometimes co-exist without conflict. The results also show that the LEA and principals often have a common view of the purpose and goal of the school system, but there is seldom a common strategy for how these goals are to be achieved. This study contributes to an understanding how LEAs and political governance shape the role of the principals, but more studies are needed.
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| 2. |
- Dahlén, Micael, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Physical Activity Are Associated with Corresponding Changes in Psychological Well-Being : A Pandemic Case Study
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 20, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Societal crises and personal challenges are often followed by substantial changes in physicalactivity. Is there a link between such changes and psychological well-being? Seeking to answerthis question, we conducted a correlational study on a representative sample in Sweden during thefirst year of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1035). About 49% of the sample had decreased theirphysical activity compared to their self-reported activity level prior to the pandemic, whereas 32%had increased it. The results showed a positive and robust association between changes in dailyactivity level and corresponding changes in psychological well-being. Specifically, individuals whohad reduced their physical activity over the last year reported lower life satisfaction than before, andindividuals who had increased their physical activity reported higher life satisfaction than before.The amount of complete physical inactivity (sitting) showed a similar pattern as the exercise data,meaning that individuals who reported increasing inactivity per day also reported a greater declinein life satisfaction. Additional analyses showed that the association between daily activity level andlife satisfaction was somewhat stronger for men than for women, but there was no difference whencomparing individual versus organized activities. The current study was based on a cross-sectionaldesign, measuring self-reported change over time. Recent work from other research teams have usedlongitudinal data and experience-sampling in different settings, finding similar results. We concludethat there is good reason to recommend physical exercise as a coping strategy in difficult times.
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| 3. |
- Dahlén, Micael, et al.
(author)
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The comeback effect : How happy are people who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection?
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Wellbeing. - : International Journal of Wellbeing. - 1179-8602. ; 12:2, s. 114-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is already a large body of research on the dramatic negative effects of COVID-19 on peoples’ mental and physical health. Millions of people have died, and the pandemic has negatively influenced the lives of billions of people. Luckily however, the vast majority of people infected with the virus, recovers. The happiness and wellbeing of these people have not been extensively studied. In the current paper, we ask the question: Are people who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection happier than those who have not been infected at all? Building on previous research on hedonic adaptation and counterfactual thinking, we hypothesize, and find, that those who have had an infection appear slightly happier than others. The study relies on two surveys conducted in Sweden during the pandemic in 2020 (n=1029) and 2021 (n=1788).
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| 4. |
- Du, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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Perception of Delay in Computer Input Devices Establishing a Baseline for Signal Processing of Motion Sensor Systems
- 2016
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In: The 3rd EAI International Conference on IoT Technologies for HealthCare HealthyIoT'16. - Västeraås, Sweden : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 107-112
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New computer input devices in healthcare applications using small embedded sensors need firmware filters to run smoothly and to provide a better user experience. Therefore, it has to be investigated how much delay can be tolerated for signal processing before the users perceive a delay when using a computer input device. This paper is aimed to find out a threshold of unperceived delay by performing user tests with 25 participants. A communication retarder was used to create delays from 0 to 100 ms between a receiving computer and three different USB-connected computer input devices. A wired mouse, a wifi mouse and a head-mounted mouse were used as input devices. The results of the user tests show that delays up to 50ms could be tolerated and are not perceived as delay, or depending on the used device still perceived as acceptable.
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| 5. |
- Du, Jiaying, et al.
(author)
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The effects of perceived USB-delay for sensor and embedded system development
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBSVolume 2016. - 9781457702204 ; , s. 2492-2495
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceiving delay in computer input devices is a problem which gets even more eminent when being used in healthcare applications and/or in small, embedded systems. Therefore, the amount of delay found as acceptable when using computer input devices was investigated in this paper. A device was developed to perform a benchmark test for the perception of delay. The delay can be set from 0 to 999 milliseconds (ms) between a receiving computer and an available USB-device. The USB-device can be a mouse, a keyboard or some other type of USB-connected input device. Feedback from performed user tests with 36 people form the basis for the determination of time limitations for the USB data processing in microprocessors and embedded systems without users' noticing the delay. For this paper, tests were performed with a personal computer and a common computer mouse, testing the perception of delays between 0 and 500 ms. The results of our user tests show that perceived delays up to 150 ms were acceptable and delays larger than 300 ms were not acceptable at all.
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| 6. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Swedish Population Study
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Governments have enforced measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 with varying degrees of success, which could affect people’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. This study aimed to examine changes in PA levels, types of PA, and sedentary behavior in the Swedish population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between changed PA levels and demographical and behavioral determinants were also investigated. In December 2020, 1035 individuals (18–79 years old) completed a survey about their PA and sedentary behavior before and during the pandemic. Factors influencing their PA were also explored. Fifty-one percent of the sample reported reduced total PA, 18% had no change, and 31% increased their PA. Overall, organized PA decreased the most and sedentary behavior increased. The youngest and oldest age groups reported the greatest reduction in PA, while middle-aged groups reported the most increased PA. Men reported a larger increase in sedentary behavior than women. Mental and physical capability was associated with change in PA. In conclusion, this study indicates that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the Swedish population have decreased PA levels with a concurrent increase in sedentary behavior, which may have negative health consequences. Interventions are recommended to address both PA and sedentary behavior, specifically to strengthen people’s ability to perform PA and focusing on the youngest and oldest age groups.
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| 7. |
- Elvén, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedes’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite the proven health benefits of physical activity (PA), more than a quarter of the world’s adult population is insufficiently physically active, which increases the risk of diseases and premature death. During the COVID-19 pandemic governments have implemented enforced measures to limit the spread of the virus, which could affect people’s PA. Aim: This study aimed to examine changes in PA levels, types of PA, and sedentary behavior in the Swedish population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between demographical and behavioral determinants, and changes in PA were also investigated. Method: In December 2020, 1.035 individuals (18-79 y) completed a survey about PA and sedentary behavior, at present and before the pandemic. Factors influencing their PA were also explored. Results: Fifty-one percent of the sample reduced total PA, 18% had no change and 31% increased PA. Overall, organized PA, for example at fitness centers and sport training, decreased the most, and sedentary behavior increased. The youngest and the oldest age groups reported the greatest reduction of PA, while the middle age groups reported the most increased PA. Mental and physical capability was associated with PA change. Conclusion: During the pandemic, most of the Swedish population have decreased PA levels with a concurrent increase in sedentary behavior. This may have both a short-and long-term negative health impact on individuals’ and populations’ health. Implications for caring in a changing world: As physical inactivity already is a global public health problem during non-pandemic circumstances this study’s findings call for further actions during and after the pandemic to support people in maintaining or increasing daily PA and decreasing sedentary behavior. Interventions in health care are recommended to strengthen peoples’ ability to perform PA, focus on the youngest and oldest age groups, and be applied on an individual basis as well as in organizational contexts.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Utvärdering av Mentorer i våldsprevention : Slutrapport
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten presenterar resultaten från en utvärdering av det våldsförebyggande programmet Mentorer i våldsprevention (MVP). Programmet Mentors in Violence Prevention kommer från USA och är ett utbildningsprogram som syftar till att förebygga killars och mäns våld. Organisationen Män för Jämställdhet har översatt programmet från engelska, anpassat det till svenska förhållanden och under perioden 2015-2017 spridit MVP i ett antal skolor i Sverige inom ramen för projektet ”En kommun fri från våld”. Det är den version av MVP som Män för Jämställdhet utvecklat och sprider som den här utvärderingen berör. Utvärderingen har genomförts på uppdrag av Skolverket.
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| 9. |
- Hege, Inga, et al.
(author)
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Developing a European longitudinal and interprofessional curriculum for clinical reasoning
- 2023
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In: Diagnosis. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2194-8011 .- 2194-802X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical reasoning is a complex and crucial ability health professions students need to acquire during their education. Despite its importance, explicit clinical reasoning teaching is not yet implemented in most health professions educational programs. Therefore, we carried out an international and interprofessional project to plan and develop a clinical reasoning curriculum with a train-the-trainer course to support educators in teaching this curriculum to students. We developed a framework and curricular blueprint. Then we created 25 student and 7 train-the-trainer learning units and we piloted 11 of these learning units at our institutions. Learners and faculty reported high satisfaction and they also provided helpful suggestions for improvements. One of the main challenges we faced was the heterogeneous understanding of clinical reasoning within and across professions. However, we learned from each other while discussing these different views and perspectives on clinical reasoning and were able to come to a shared understanding as the basis for developing the curriculum. Our curriculum fills an important gap in the availability of explicit clinical reasoning educational materials both for students and faculty and is unique with having specialists from different countries, schools, and professions. Faculty time and time for teaching clinical reasoning in existing curricula remain important barriers for implementation of clinical reasoning teaching.
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| 10. |
- Kerstis, Birgitta, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Mental Health and Views on Communication and Activities of Public Institutions among Swedes during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Repeated Measures Design
- 2021
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In: Healthcare. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 9:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although many studies have been conducted on the effects of COVID-19 on individual lives, only a few focus on the changes in mental health and views of public institutions during the pandemic. This study aimed to investigate how mental health, i.e., life satisfaction, worries, and psychological distress, and views on public institutions’ communication and activities have changed among Swedes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether this was moderated by age and sex. In April–May 2020 (survey 1) and in January–February 2021 (survey 2), 2554 adults and 1904 newly recruited adults, respectively, anonymously completed online surveys. We found that life satisfaction and psychological distress did not change from survey 1 to survey 2. However, the level of worries increased, and the positive views of the public institutions decreased. Moreover, worries and psychological distress increased more in young adults than older adults. Finally, the change in the views of the public institutions was not related to the change in worries. Our results highlight the COVID-19 long-term impacts on individual mental health and call for the need for future research concerning the consequences for the population, especially among young adults. The results also indicate that the views on activities of public authorities decreased over time, especially among men. Given that loss of this trust can have vastly negative effects, for instance, on the vaccine campaign, it is important to monitor this trend, to increase awareness among Swedish authorities. The results also stress for institutions to provide adequate support both during the COVID-19 pandemic and in a future crisis.
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