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| 3. |
- Almström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of travel costs and economic growth on cost-benefit analysis rankings
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a tool for selecting transport investments is often questioned. It is not unusual that politicians or others in the public debate argue that the outcome of a CBA completely rely on assumptions concerning a particular input factor, such as valuation of CO2 emissions or future fuel price. This paper explores whether the relative ranking of CBA outcomes are robust with respect to some key inputs in transport demand analysis driving cost, public transport fare and economic growth. We study six different infrastructure objects (three road and three rail objects) and four alternative assumptions on input factors compared to a reference scenario.The findings suggest that single input factors in a CBA, individually have a small impact on the ranking of the studied investments. In our model calculations we observe no change in rank between a road and a rail object.
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| 4. |
- Batley, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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New appraisal values of travel time saving and reliability in Great Britain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435. ; 46:3, s. 583-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the study Provision of market research for value of time savings and reliability' undertaken by the Arup/ITS Leeds/Accent consortium for the UK Department for Transport (DfT). The paper summarises recommendations for revised national average values of in-vehicle travel time savings, reliability and time-related quality (e.g. crowding and congestion), which were developed using willingness-to-pay (WTP) methods, for a range of modes, and covering both business and non-work travel purposes. The paper examines variation in these values by characteristics of the traveller and trip, and offers insights into the uncertainties around the values, especially through the calculation of confidence intervals. With regards to non-work, our recommendations entail an increase of around 50% in values for commute, but a reduction of around 25% for other non-workrelative to previous DfT WebTAG' guidance. With regards to business, our recommendations are based on WTP, and thus represent a methodological shift away from the cost saving approach (CSA) traditionally used in WebTAG. These WTP-based business values show marked variation by distance; for trips of less than 20miles, values are around 75% lower than previous WebTAG values; for trips of around 100miles, WTP-based values are comparable to previous WebTAG; and for longer trips still, WTP-based values exceed those previously in WebTAG.
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- Bruzelius, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Test report
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is the document summarising the testing experience and knowledge gained from the physical testing activities within the eVALUE project. The document contains brief introductions to the testing scenarios as well as short summaries of conclusions. Appended to this document are the testing reports that have been compiled during the different test sessions. Physical testing at test tracks all across Europe has been the main input in the development of scenarios and test procedures. This document describes the development tests that have been performed during 2010, based on a first draft set of testing protocols. The experience from the performed tests has been used as an important input to the revision of the testing protocols, i.e. the formal documents that describe how a test should be performed and evaluated. These protocols are documented in the separate Deliverable 3.2.
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| 6. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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An ex-post CBA for the Stockholm Metro
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 70, s. 135-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper performs an ex-post cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of the Metro system in Stockholm built in the 1950s. We find that the Metro was socially beneficial and that the largest benefit of the Metro is its capacity, making it possible for many people to travel to and from the city center. We also assess the significance of the wider economic impacts due to labor market distortions and the land-use effects in the case of the Stockholm Metro. The wider economic impacts increase the consumer surplus with 48%, and the yearly income in the county with 1.5%. A land-use model is used to simulate how the land-use has been influenced by the Metro over the years 1956-2006. This simulation indicates that the historical centralized planning of housing along transit corridors has developed the region into a more dispersed region than if the market forces had ruled. The simulation also suggests that the land-use impact from the investment itself is small, but that the land-use impact from the planning accompanying the decision to build the Metro has been substantial.
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| 7. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Land-use impacts in transport appraisal
- 2014
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 47, s. 82-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standard cost-benefit analysis (CBA) does not take into account induced demand due to relocation triggered by infrastructure investments. Using an integrated transport and land-use model calibrated for the Stockholm region, we explore whether this has any significant impact on the CBA outcome, and in particular on the relative ranking of rail and road investments. Our results indicate that induced demand has a larger impact on the benefit of rail investments than on the benefit of road investments. The effect on the relative ranking is still limited for two reasons. First, the number of houses that are built over 20 30 years is limited in comparison to the size of the existing housing stock. Second, the location of most of the new houses is not affected by any single infrastructure investment, since the latter has a marginal effect on total accessibility in a city with a mature transport system. A second aim of this paper is to investigate the robustness of the relative CBA ranking of rail and road investments, with respect to the planning policy in the region 25 years ahead. While the results suggest that this ranking is surprisingly robust, there is a tendency that the net benefit of rail investments is more sensitive to the future planning policy than road investments. Our results also underscore that the future land-use planning in the region in general has a considerably stronger impact on accessibility and car use than individual road or rail investments have.
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| 9. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Samhällsekonomin på spåret : en ESO-rapport om att räkna på tunnelbanan
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport har vi gjort en lönsamhetsberäkning för Stockholms tunnelbana med gängse svensk kalkylmetodik och fastställda nationella riktlinjer. Lönsamhetsberäkning är gjort för dagens tunnelbana, som om man på 1950-talet (när tunnelbanan byggdes) hade haft och använt de metoder och modeller som används för samhällsekonomisk analys idag. Vi har varierat antaganden om skattade samband, hur utredningsalternativet utformas och vad det jämförs mot. Vi varierar också antaganden om byggkostnad och beräknar lönsamheten för tunnelbanan både med byggkostnaden från den tiden en uppskattning av vad den hade varit idag. Vi försöker dessutom uppskatta effekter på bebyggelseplanering och de effekter på tillväxt som normalt ligger utanför den gängse samhällsekonomiska kalkylen. Beräkningarna visar att Stockholms tunnelbana var en samhällsekonomiskt lönsam investering. Det bör understrykas att eftersom beräkningen är gjort för den nuvarande tunnelbanan säger den inte något om lönsamheten av en eventuell utbyggnad av Stockholms tunnelbana.
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| 10. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The long term social benefits of transit
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standard CBA is often criticised for not taking land use effects induced by transport investments and wider economic benefits into account. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of these effects using the Stockholm Metro built in the 1950’s, the largest urban rail investment in Sweden, as a case study. We find that benefits of the Metro increase 60 percent due to long term land use adjustments. Wider economic benefits increase the benefit by 17 percent.We show that the Stockholm Metro was socially beneficial to build according to present standard methods, even without taking land use effects and wider economic benefits into account. Hence, the anecdote that the Metro of Stockholm had not been built if CBA had been a part of the appraisal seems to be false.
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