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| 2. |
- Brandell, K., et al.
(författare)
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Medical Abortion before Confirmed Intrauterine Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1526-8004 .- 1526-4564. ; 40:05/06, s. 258-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Very early medical abortion " (VEMA) refers to medical abortion (with mifepristone and misoprostol) before intrauterine pregnancy is visualized on ultrasound. Our aim is to present the current evidence on efficacy, safety (focused on ectopic pregnancies), and how to assess treatment success of VEMA. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting outcomes of VEMA. The field is small and so our objective was to map all relevant literature, without conducting meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase on April 19, 2022. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the evidence. A total of 373 articles were identified. Six articles (representing four observational and one pilot trial) were included in the final review. Across all included studies, treatment efficacy ranged between 91 and 100%. Prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was low and very few cases ( n = 2) of ruptures were reported. Most studies used serial serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (s-hCG) levels to determine success of abortion; one study used low sensitivity urine hCG. From the available evidence, VEMA appears to be efficacious and does not appear to cause harm to ectopic pregnancies. Treatment can be assessed with pre- and postabortion s-hCG. Good quality, randomized controlled trial evidence is needed to best inform practice.
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| 3. |
- Mohammad, Y O, 7602, et al.
(författare)
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Mg-staurolite and kyanite inclusions in metabasic garnet amphibolite from the Swedish Eastern Segment: evidence for a Mesoproterozoic subduction event.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Mineralogy. - 0935-1221. ; 23:4, s. 609-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present evidence that the 1674 Ma Bora°s Mafic Intrusion of the Swedish Eastern Segment experienced high-pressure metamorphism related to a Sveconorwegian subduction-exhumation cycle. Mg-rich staurolite is found as inclusions in garnet in metaluminous amphibolites. The inclusion assemblages include staurolite (XMg 0.34–0.40), kyanite, euhedral anorthite, clinozoisite and quartz. The thermodynamic packages winTWQ and Theriak-Domino were used to investigate the P-T conditions of the matrix and inclusion mineral parageneses. The bulk composition of the rock does not have a stability field for staurolite-bearing parageneses. In our samples minerals of an eclogite-facies paragenesis became isolated from the whole rock in the first stage as inclusions in garnet. High Zn levels in the staurolite (0.6–1 wt% ZnO) show that it must have formed as either chloritoid or staurolite, both of which concentrate Zn. Euhedral anorthite inclusions have trace-element compositions including high Sr and insignificant Eu anomalies, which support their interpretation as pseudomorphs after lawsonite in plagioclase-out conditions. Rutile lamellae in the garnet are also indicative of a high-pressure origin. Calculated phase diagrams show that the most likely original paragenesis was garnet þ clinopyroxene þ Mg-rich chloritoid þ lawsonite þ kyanite þ quartz, which has a stability field for the whole-rock composition at 600 °C and 2.23–2.45 GPa. These conditions correspond to depths greater than 75 km, thus the Bora°s Mafic Intrusion was situated in the mantle at that time, implying subduction of the crustal block in which it was situated. The minerals now observed in the inclusions and in the rock matrix formed under amphibolite-facies conditions at lower pressures of 0.6–0.9 GPa and slightly increased temperatures around 650 °C, reflecting rapid exhumation from the mantle. Sm-Nd dating of garnet gives 957.1 ° 9.4 Ma, consistent with less precise Lu-Hf data, and represents either garnet growth during subduction or resetting during exhumation. Our investigations of staurolite in amphibolites documented in the literature show that staurolite cannot form in equilibrium with amphibolitefacies parageneses in normal metabasic rocks, which always have metaluminous compositions. A two-stage process is required in which a peraluminous assemblage with kyanite and possibly chloritoid first forms, due to plagioclase-out reactions in eclogite-facies conditions. Staurolite forms in the second stage during exhumation as pressure decreases, in domains which are not in contact with the common amphibolite-facies assemblage, for example by hydration reactions involving kyanite and garnet or by breakdown of chloritoid at higher temperatures. The pressures estimated for garnet growth and the development of inclusions correspond to minimum depths of 75–83 km (for basaltic or granitic overburden) and the Bora°s Mafic Intrusion is an integral part of the Eastern Segment in which retrograde eclogite metabasic bodies occur within orthogneisses in at least four other localities. This implies that a major part of the Eastern Segment experienced a high-pressure metamorphic event and the entire block of continental crust was involved in a subduction-exhumation cycle during the Sveconorwegian orogeny.
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| 4. |
- Titulaer, Joep, et al.
(författare)
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Lumateperone-mediated effects on prefrontal glutamatergic receptor-mediated neurotransmission: A dopamine D-1 receptor dependent mechanism
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 62, s. 22-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lumateperone is a novel drug approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and depressive episodes associated with bipolar depression in adults, as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate treatment in the United States. Lumateperone simultaneously modulates key neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate, implicated in serious mental illness. In patients with schizophrenia, lumateperone was shown to improve positive symptoms along with negative and depressive symptoms, while also enhancing prosocial behavior. Moreover, in patients with bipolar I or II disorder, lumateperone improved depressive symptoms as well. To further understand the mechanisms related to lumateperone's clinical response, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lumateperone on dopaminergic-and glutamatergic signaling in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We used the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test to determine the antipsychotic-like effect of lumateper one, electrophysiology in vitro to study lumateperone's effects on NMDA-and AMPA-induced currents in the mPFC, and the neurochemical techniques microdialysis and amperometry to measure dopamine-and glutamate release in the rat mPFC. Our results demonstrate that lu-mateperone; i) significantly suppressed CAR in rats, indicating an antipsychotic-like effect, ii) facilitated NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated currents in the mPFC, in a dopamine D-1-dependent manner, and iii) significantly increased dopamine and glutamate release in the rat mPFC. To the extent that these findings can be translated to humans, the ability of lumate-perone to activate these pathways may contribute to its demonstrated effectiveness in safely improving symptoms related to neuropsychiatric disorder including mood alterations. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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