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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Shaikh, Gaushiya A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Suitability of a-SiS Nanosheet as an Anode Material for Multivalent Metal-Ion Batteries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 37:19, s. 15116-15126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The search for suitable two-dimensional (2D) anode materials is crucial to drive the progress of multivalent metal-ion batteries capable of delivering exceptional performance, specifically with very fast charging and discharging rates. In this research, we have unveiled novel insights at the density functional theory level, with the workability of 2D puckered silicon monosulfide (a-SiS) as a probable anode material for multivalent metal-ion batteries using Na, Ca, and Al ions. Exploring the stability aspects of both structural and dynamic levels in the a-SiS nanosheet was estimated through the calculation of cohesive energy and non-imaginary phonon frequencies. The a-SiS nanosheet exhibited negative adsorption energies of -1.45, -0.92, and -2.67 eV for Na, Ca, and Al ions, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the introduction of mono-, di-, and tri-metal atoms to the surface of the a-SiS nanosheet transformed its semiconducting nature into a metallic phase. Minimal activation energies for the active ion migration of Na (0.066 eV), Ca (0.067 eV), and Al (0.18 eV) on the surface of the a-SiS nanosheet suggest high diffusion and optimal charge/discharge functionality. Furthermore, diminished mean operating voltages of 0.44 V (Na), 0.43 V (Ca), and 0.55 V (Al) were attained and improved the theoretical storage performance of 2046.81 mAh/g (Na), 1643.02 mAh/g (Ca), and 2422.76 mAh/g (Al) for the a-SiS nanosheet. The results of this work suggest that the a-SiS nanosheet has the potential to play a crucial role as a hopeful anode material for the creation of budget-friendly, high-functioning metal-ion batteries using Na, Ca, and Al ions.
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