| 1. |
- Olsson, Jan A., et al.
(författare)
-
Eclipse period of R1 plasmids during downshift from elevated copy number : Nonrandom selection of copies for replication
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Plasmid. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-619X .- 1095-9890. ; 67:2, s. 191-198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical Meselson-Stahl density-shift method was used to study replication of pOU71, a runaway-replication derivative of plasmid R1 in Escherichia coli. The miniplasmid maintained the normal low copy number of R1 during steady growth at 30 degrees C, but as growth temperatures were raised above 34 degrees C, the copy number of the plasmid increased to higher levels, and at 42 degrees C, it replicated without control in a runaway replication mode with lethal consequences for the host. The eclipse periods (minimum time between successive replication of the same DNA) of the plasmid shortened with rising copy numbers at increasing growth temperatures (Olsson et al., 2003). In this work, eclipse periods were measured during downshifts in copy number of pOU71 after it had replicated at 39 and 42 degrees C, resulting in 7- and 50-fold higher than normal plasmid copy number per cell, respectively. Eclipse periods for plasmid replication, measured during copy number downshift, suggested that plasmid R1, normally selected randomly for replication, showed a bias such that a newly replicated DNA had a higher probability of replication compared to the bulk of the RI population. However, even the unexpected nonrandom replication followed the copy number kinetics such that every generation, the plasmids underwent the normal inherited number of replication, n, independent of the actual number of plasmid copies in a newborn cell.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Olsson, Jan A, et al.
(författare)
-
Eclipse-synchrony relationship in Escherichia coli strains with mutations affecting sequestration, initiation of replication and superhelicity of the bacterial chromosome.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 334:5, s. 919-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initiation of replication from oriC on the Escherichia coli chromosomes occurs once and only once per generation at the same cell mass per origin. During rapid growth there are overlapping replication cycles, and initiation occurs synchronously at two or more copies of oriC. Since the bacterial growth can vary over a wide range (from three divisions per hour to 2.5 hours or more per division) the frequency of initiation should change in coordination with bacterial growth. Prevention of reinitiation from a newly replicated origin by temporary sequestration of the hemi-methylated GATC-sites in the origin region provides the molecular/genetic basis for the maintenance of the eclipse period between two successive rounds of replication. Sequestration is also believed to be responsible for initiation synchrony, since inactivation of either the seqA or the dam gene abolishes synchrony while drastically reducing the eclipse. In this work, we attempted to examine the functional relationship(s) between the eclipse period and the synchrony of initiation in E.coli strains by direct measurements of these parameters by density-shift centrifugation and flow-cytometric analyses, respectively. The eclipse period, measured as a fraction of DNA-duplication times, varied continuously from 0.6 for the wild-type E.coli K12 to 0.1 for strains with mutations in seqA, dam, dnaA, topA and gyr genes (all of which have been shown to cause asynchrony) and their various combinations. The asynchrony index, a quantitative indicator for the loss of synchrony of initiation, changed from low (synchronous) to high (asynchronous) values in a step-function-like relationship with the eclipse. An eclipse period of approximately 0.5 generation time appeared to be the critical value for the switch from synchronous to asynchronous initiation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Riber, Leise, et al.
(författare)
-
Hda-mediated inactivation of the DnaA protein and dnaA gene autoregulation act in concert to ensure homeostatic maintenance of the Escherichia coli chromosome
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Genes & Development. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 0890-9369 .- 1549-5477. ; 20:15, s. 2121-2134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initiation of DNA replication in Eschericia coli requires the ATP-bound form of the DnaA protein. The conversion of DnaA-ATP to DnaA-ADP is facilitated by a complex of DnaA, Hda (homologous to DnaA), and DNA-loaded beta-clamp proteins in a process termed RIDA (regulatory inactivation of DnaA). Hda-deficient cells initiate replication at each origin mainly once per cell cycle, and the rare reinitiation events never coincide with the end of the origin sequestration period. Therefore, RIDA is not the predominant mechanism to prevent immediate reinitiation from oriC. The cellular level of Hda correlated directly with dnaA gene expression such that Hda deficiency led to reduced dnaA gene expression, and overproduction of Hda led to DnaA overproduction. Hda-deficient cells were very sensitive to variations in the cellular level of DnaA, and DnaA overproduction led to uncontrolled initiation of replication from oriC, causing severe growth retardation or cell death. Based on these observations, we propose that both RIDA and dnaA gene autoregulation are required as homeostatic mechanisms to ensure that initiation of replication occurs at the same time relative to cell mass in each cell cycle.
|
|
