| 1. |
- Normark, B., et al.
(författare)
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Storage Solutions and Their Value
- 2017
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Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 173-187
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy storage has increasingly come into focus as a key transformational technology in the energy system. This is driven by several factors, including: (1) the increased electrification of the energy system and the associated changes in demand patterns, driven by new loads such as electric vehicles and heat pumps; (2) the decarbonization of the power system and the associated increases in the penetration of variable renewable electricity production, and related security of supply concerns. In this chapter we explore the evolving role of storage in the EU energy system-both at present and in the future. This includes proposed changes in current legislative frameworks to support the diffusion of storage technologies-a key enabler in the EU's transition to a reliable, flexible, and affordable energy system.
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| 2. |
- Shivakumar, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
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Need for Flexibility and Potential Solutions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 149-172
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an increasing penetration of variable renewables in the EU in recent years, the flexibility of its power system is of critical importance. In this chapter, we first assess flexibility considerations in the past, prior to market liberalization. We then analyze the impact of increasing penetration of renewables on flexibility requirements. Further, we identify existing options to provide this flexibility. Finally, we use model-based analysis, we quantitatively assess potential solutions to deploying temporary production and storage. Business models and potential evolutions of the legislative framework associated with the different solutions are also proposed.
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| 3. |
- Aoun, M. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Gas Security of Supply in the European Union
- 2017
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Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 67-78
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU remains widely dependent on external gas supplies, with imports representing 70% of its consumption in 2013. Member States have different import profiles with divergent levels of dependency on Russian imports. Several European Member States rely heavily on Russian supplies, which shows that the EU gas supply security needs to be examined both from an internal and international perspective. Since the 2009 crisis between Russia and Ukraine, the EU has adopted several legislative tools to strengthen EU gas security of supply. The third legislative package, the security of supply Regulation (EU) 994/2010 and the Energy Infrastructure package identifying Projects of Common Interest have significantly improved the ability of the EU to face import disruptions. However, several countries remain particularly vulnerable to the occurrence of disruption. When considering national production, storage, and the diversity of suppliers, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania seem to be at risk. Romania, Poland, and Hungary also import the bulk of their gas from Russia, but have either domestic production or significant storage capacity.
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